Bridging the Gap Between Experience-Based Knowledge and the Scientific Knowledge
Keywords:
Cancer pagurus, toxic elements, environment, experience-based knowledge, citizen science
Abstract
The context for this study was to document fishers’ experience-based knowledge is reliable and can be included in citizen science as supplementary information to scientific research. Fishers’ experience-based knowledge contributes to important understanding of the environment and the marine ecosystem. Hence, fishers’ knowledge over time is not always regarded as supplementary knowledge. There is a lack of information on how fishers have acquired reliable knowledge when they have not had formal scientific education and in what way fishers’ knowledge can be used as empirical data. In this study, a survey was conducted by scientific educator within the fishing community of Mausund in Norway. The survey was limited to specifically targeting fishers' knowledge of the migration pattern of the edible crab (Cancer pagurus) in Sulfjorden, Mausund and Frohavet. This study performs in-depth interviews with five fishers at Mausund. The experience-based knowledge acquired by these fishers is first and foremost learnt through intergenerational learning from fathers, grandfathers, and uncles to sons. The study supports existing research on fishers’ experience-based knowledge, which is professional and very precise. Experience-based and local knowledge can be understood as a knowledge contribution of value to the research field of environment monitoring.
References
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Rosa R., Carvalho A. R., & Angelini R. (2014). Integrating fisherman knowledge and scientific analysis to assess changes in fish diversity and food web structure. Ocean & Coastal Management, 102, 258-268.
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Woll, A. (2005). Taskekrabben, biologi- sortering og kvalitet- fangstbehandling [Cancer Pagurus, biology, classification and quality – capture treatment]. Ålesund: Møreforskning [Møre Research].
Woll, A., & van der Meeren, G. I. (1997). Taskekrabben (Cancer Pagurus), biologi, næring og forvaltning [Cancer Pagurus, biology, nutrition and management]. Ålesund: Møreforskning [Møre Research].
Woll, A., Bakke, S., & van der Meeren, G. I. (2021). Krabben. Kolofon Forlag AS.
Whiteley, N. M., Suckling, C. C., Ciotti, B. J., Brown, J., McCarthy, Gimenez, L., & Hauton, C. (2018).
Sensitivity to near-future CO2 conditions in marine crabs depends on their compensatory capacities for salinity change. Scientific Reports, Volume 8, Article number: 15639 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-34089-0
Öhman, J. (2008). Values and Democracy in Education for Sustainable Development: Contributions from Swedish Research. Liber: Malmö.
Anbleyth-Evans, J., & Lacy, L. N. (2019). Feedback between fisher local ecological knowledge and scientific epistemologies in England: Building bridges for biodiversity conservation. Maritime Studies 2019:136. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40152-019-00136-3
Averina, M., Bjørke-Monsen, A. L., Bolann, B. J., Brox, J., Eggesbø, M., Hokstad, I., Huber, S., & Ørebech, S. (2022). Høyt nivå av tungmetaller i krabbe. Tidsskriftet den Norske Legeforeningen. 142(12). https://doi.org/10.4045/tidsskr.22.0317
Bakke, S., Buhl-Mortensen, L., & Buhl-Mortensen, P. (2019). Some observations of Cancer Pagurus Linnaeus, 1758, (Decapoda, Brachyura) in deep water. Crustaceana 92 (1), 95-105.
Bradney, L., Wijesekara, H., Palansooriya, K. N., Obadamudalige, N., Bolan, N. S., Ok, Y. S., Rinklebe, J., Kim, K. H., & Kirkham, M. B. (2019). Particulate plastics as a vector for toxic trace-element uptake by aquatic and terrestrial organisms and human health risk. Environment International, 131. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2019.104937
Brattland, C. (2013). Proving fishers right. Effects of the integration of experience-based knowledge in ecosystem-based management. Acta Borealia 30(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/08003831.2013.768053
Cristancho, S., & Vining, J. (2009). Perceived intergenerational differences in the transmission of traditional ecological knowledge (TEK) in two indigenous groups from Colombia and Guatemala. Culture & Psychology, 15(2), 229-254. https://doi.org/10.1177/1354067X09102892
da Costa, J. P., Avellan, A., Mouneyrac, C., Duarte, A., & Rocha-Santos, T. (2023). Plastic additives and microplastics as emerging contaminants: Mechanisms and analytical assessment TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry, 158, Article 116898. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trac.2022.116898
DeCelles, G. R., Martins, D., Zemeckis, R. D., & Cadrin, S. X. (2017). Using fishermen’s ecological.
knowledge to map Atlantic cod spawning grounds on Georges Bank. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 74(6), 1587-1601. https://doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsx031
Ervik, H., Finne, T. E., & Jenssen, B. M. (2018). Toxic and essential elements in seafood from Mausund, Norway. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 25, 7409-7417. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-017-1000-4
Ervik, H., Lierhagen, S., & Asimakopoulos, A. (2020). Elemental content of brown crab (Cancer pagurus) – Is it safe for human consumption? A recent case study from Mausund, Norway. Science of the Total Environment, 716. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135175
Ford, H. V., Jones, N. H., Davies, A. J., Godley, B. J., Jambeck, J. R., Napper, I. E., Suckling, C. C., Williams, G. J., Woodall, L. C., & Koldewey, H. J. (2022). The fundamental links between climate change and marine plastic pollution. Science of the Total Environment, 806. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150392
Haklay, M. M., Dörler, D., Heigl, F., Manzoni, M., Hecker, S., & Vohland, K. (2021). What Is Citizen Science? The Challenges of Definition. In K. Vohland, A. Land-Zandstra, L. Ceccaroni, R. Lemmens, J. Perelló, M. Ponti, R. Samson, & K. Wagenknecht (Eds.), The Science of Citizen Science. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-58278-4_2
Johannes, R. E., & Neiss, B. (2007). The value of anecdote. Fishers Knowledge in Fisheries Science and Management. Haggan, N., Neis, B. and Baird, IG. (eds). UNESCO, Paris, 41-58.
Johnsen, J. P., Hersoug, B. and Solås, A. M. (2014). The creation of coastal space – how local ecological knowledge becomes relevant. Maritime Studies, 13(2).
Johnson, T. R. (2010). Cooperative research and knowledge flow in the marine commons: Lessons from the Northeast United States. International Journal of the Commons, 4, 251-272.
Johnson, T. R. (2011). Fishermen, scientists, and boundary spanners: Cooperative research in the U.S. Illex squid fishery. Society and Natural Resources, 24, 242-255. https://doi.org/10.1080/08941920802545800
Lima, E. G., Begossi, A., Hallwass, G., & Silvano, R. A. M. (2016). Fishers’ knowledge indicates short-term temporal changes in the amount and composition of catches in the southwestern Atlantic. Marine Policy, 71, 111-120. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2016.05.008
Lincoln, S., Andrews, B., Birchenough, S. N. R., Chowdhury, P., Engelhard, G. H., Harrod, O., Pinnegar, J. H., & Townhill, B. L. (2022). Marine litter and climate change: Inextricably connected threats to the world's oceans Science of the Total Environment, 837. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155709
Liu, L. J., Fokkink, R., & Albert, A. K. (2016). Sorption of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons to polystyrene nanoplastic. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 35, 1650-1655. https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.3311
Medeiros, M., C., Barboza, R. R. D., Martel, G., & Mourão, J.(2018). Combining local fishers' and scientific ecological knowledge: Implications for comanagement. Ocean & Coastal Management, 158, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2018.03.014
Martins, I. M., Medeiros, R. P., Domenico, M. D., & Hanazaki, N. (2018). What fishers’ local ecological knowledge can reveal about the changes in exploited fish catches. Fisheries Research, 198, 109-116. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fishres.2017.10.008
Quist, L. M. (2018). Fishers’ knowledge and scientific indeterminacy: Contested oil impacts in Mexico`s sacrifice zone. Maritime Studies, 18, 123. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40152-018-0123-7
Rosa R., Carvalho A. R., & Angelini R. (2014). Integrating fisherman knowledge and scientific analysis to assess changes in fish diversity and food web structure. Ocean & Coastal Management, 102, 258-268.
Schade, S., Pelacho, M., van Noordwijk, T. C. G. E., Vohland, K., Hecker, S., & Manzoni, M. (2021). Citizen Science and Policy. In K. Vohland, A. Land-Zandstra, L. Ceccaroni, R. Lemmens, J. Perelló, M. Ponti, R. Samson, & K. Wagenknecht (Eds.), The Science of Citizen Science. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-58278-4_18
Scott, J. W., Gunderson, K. G., Green, L. A., Rediske, R. R., & Steinman, A. D. (2021). Perfluoroalkylated Substances (PFAS) Associated with Microplastics in a Lake Environment. Toxics, 9. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics9050106
Sulaiman, N. A. A. (2018). Fisherman`s knowledge of the moon phenomenon in fishing activities. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 8(11), 942-949.
Stephenson, R. L., Paul, S., Pastoors, M. A., Kraan, M., Holm, P., Wiber, M., Mackinson, S., Dankel, D. J., Brooks, K., & Benson, A. (2016). Integrating fishers’ knowledge research in science and management. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 73(6), 1459-1465. https://doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsw025
Todal, P. A. (2018). Havlandet Historia om hava som skapte Noreg. [The sea land. The history of the seas that created Norway] Bergen: Vigmostad Bjørke
White, C. S. (2015). Getting into fishing: Recruitment and social resilience in North Norfolk's ‘Cromer Crab’ fishery, UK. Sociologia Ruralis, Special Issue: Resilience and Adaptation of Fishing Communities, 55(3), 291-308. https://doi.org/10.1111/soru.12101
Woll, A. (2005). Taskekrabben, biologi- sortering og kvalitet- fangstbehandling [Cancer Pagurus, biology, classification and quality – capture treatment]. Ålesund: Møreforskning [Møre Research].
Woll, A., & van der Meeren, G. I. (1997). Taskekrabben (Cancer Pagurus), biologi, næring og forvaltning [Cancer Pagurus, biology, nutrition and management]. Ålesund: Møreforskning [Møre Research].
Woll, A., Bakke, S., & van der Meeren, G. I. (2021). Krabben. Kolofon Forlag AS.
Whiteley, N. M., Suckling, C. C., Ciotti, B. J., Brown, J., McCarthy, Gimenez, L., & Hauton, C. (2018).
Sensitivity to near-future CO2 conditions in marine crabs depends on their compensatory capacities for salinity change. Scientific Reports, Volume 8, Article number: 15639 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-34089-0
Öhman, J. (2008). Values and Democracy in Education for Sustainable Development: Contributions from Swedish Research. Liber: Malmö.
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