https://j.ideasspread.org/index.php/ier <p>International Educational Research (IER)&nbsp;is an international, double-blind peer-reviewed, open-access journal, which is published by <span lang="EN-US">IDEAS SPREAD INC</span>&nbsp;in both print and online versions. The online version is free to access and download. The journal publishes original research papers, case reports, and review articles. The journal encourages submission in but not limited to subjects of Education method, education policy and education development; Educational technology and educational psychology; Special education and cross-cultural education; Educational leadership, educational administration and educational evaluation; Training, teaching and learning, Language education.</p> IDEAS SPREAD en-US International Educational Research 2576-3059 <p>Copyright for this article is retained by the author(s), with first publication rights granted to the journal.<br> This is an open-access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).</p> https://j.ideasspread.org/index.php/ier/article/view/328 <p class="text"><span lang="EN-US">With the rapid development of information technology and artificial intelligence, deep learning has gradually become a major research focus in the field of education. This paper designs an innovative teaching plan for high school mathematics based on problem-solving, using the law of total probability as an example. It is widely agreed that deep learning requires students to face challenging problems and understand the knowledge in the process of solving them. Studies show that problem-oriented teaching strategies can stimulate students’ mathematical thinking and promote deep understanding of concepts and formulas. Through case analysis, this research proposes an effective classroom approach for deep learning in teaching the law of total probability, aiming to improve students' mathematical competency.</span></p> Chang Jin ##submission.copyrightStatement## http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 2025-07-07 2025-07-07 8 4 p1 p1 10.30560/ier.v8n4p1 https://j.ideasspread.org/index.php/ier/article/view/298 <p>As the core of high school geography education, the success of core literacy in geography is closely connected to the design of questions in class. In current teaching, it is hard for fragmented questioning to carry the goals of regional cognition and holistic thinking; Places, detached from life contexts, give geography little practical power in action; And a one-way question and answer mechanism neglects our capacities to penetrate the concept of human-earth coordination. In this paper, we analyse the pain points along the lines of questioning the latest goals, authenticity in context and imbalanced mechanisms of interactions, and then we suggest the following reconstruction of the chain of questions with literacy features as an anchor point: activating spatial thinking through real situations, develop holism through follow up questioning, and deepen human-earth cognition with dynamic feedback. Innovation in classroom questioning does not only mean optimising methodology, it is leap crossing geography education from a knowledge transfer to a literacy generation approach.</p> Liu Bin Wang Taogeng ##submission.copyrightStatement## http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 2025-07-07 2025-07-07 8 4 p8 p8 10.30560/ier.v8n4p8