Changes in Ecosystem Services and Trade-offs/Synergies in the Nanpan and Beipan River Basin
Keywords:
Karst mountainous area, ecosystem services, spatiotemporal analysis, trade-offs and synergies, land-use change
Abstract
Understanding the complex relationships among ecosystem services (ESs) is crucial for their joint management, particularly in vulnerable karst areas where ES dynamics are intricate. This study, focusing on the Nanpan and Beipan River Basin (NBPRB), examines seven key ESs—food supply (FP), water supply (WS), soil retention (SR), carbon storage (CS), water purification (WP), habitat quality (HQ), and landscape aesthetics (LA)—over 1985-2020, to analyze their spatiotemporal trends and their trade-offs and synergies for sustainable development. This study innovatively introduces a method to identify trade-offs and synergistic effects among services, including the recognition of positive and negative synergies, as well as determining which service reduction leads to the trade-off relationship. Additionally, by constructing land use transition matrices, the research analyzes how changes in land use affect the trade-offs and synergies among services, offering scientific guidance for the implementation of sustainable land management. The results indicate that (1) FP and LA have risen, and SC have fluctuated, and WP and CS have remained stable, though HQ has decreased. Regionally, ESs differ, with the south of NBPRB leading in FP and the north of NBPRB basin excelling in WS, CS, SR, LA, and HQ. (2) Among 21 combinations of ESs, seven exhibit trade-offs and eight synergies. Trade-offs are mostly between provisioning, regulating, and supporting services, with cultural services not involved. Positive synergies occur between FP, WP, and CS, while negative synergies relate to regulating services. Geographically, positive synergies are more pronounced in the east, negative ones in the south, and trade-offs are concentrated in the southern watershed. (3) Land-use changes affect ESs differently. Forests are crucial for CS, and grasslands and shrublands are important for SR. Expanding cultivated land and impervious surfaces can degrade WP and SR but can improve LA and FP. The study offers insights for managing ESs and informs better land-use planning in the watershed.
References
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López-Vicente, M., Poesen, J., Navas, A., & Gaspar, L. (2013). Predicting runoff and sediment connectivity and soil erosion by water for different land use scenarios in the Spanish Pre-Pyrenees. Catena, 102, 62-73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2011.08.001
Luo, D., Zhou, Z., Chen, Q., Zhang, L., Wu, L., & Wu, T. (2023). The response of CS in karst areas to land use patterns: A case study of the NPRB. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 43(12), 3500-3516. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chnaes.2023.01.007
Orsi, F., Ciolli, M., Primmer, E., Varumo, L., & Geneletti, D. (2020). Mapping hotspots and bundles of forest ecosystem services across the European Union. Land Use Policy, 99, 104840. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2020.104840
Pan, J., Wei, S., & Li, Z. (2020). Spatiotemporal pattern of trade-offs and synergistic relationships among multiple ecosystem services in an arid inland river basin in NW China. Ecological Indicators, 114, 106345. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2020.106345
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Raudsepp-Hearne, C., Peterson, G. D. (2016). Scale and ecosystem services: how do observation, management, and analysis shift with scale—lessons from Québec. Ecology and Society, 21(3), 16. https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-08605-210316
Raudsepp-Hearne, C., Peterson, G. D., & Bennett, E. (2010). Ecosystem service bundles for analyzing tradeoffs in diverse landscapes. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 107(11), 5242-5247. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0907284107
Renard, D., Rhemtulla, J. M., & Bennett, E. M. (2015). Historical dynamics in ecosystem service bundles. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 112(43), 13411-13416. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1502565112
Rodríguez, J. P., Beard Jr, T. D., Bennett, E. M., Cumming, G. S., Cork, S. J., Agard, J., Dobson, A. P., & Peterson, G. D. (2006). Trade-offs across space, time, and ecosystem services. Ecology and Society, 11(1), 28. https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-01667-110128
Sougnez, N., van Wesemael, B., & Vanacker, V. (2011). Low erosion rates measured for steep, sparsely vegetated catchments in southeast Spain. Catena, 84(1), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2010.08.002
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Sun, X., & Li, F. (2017). Spatiotemporal assessment and trade-offs of multiple ecosystem services based on land use changes in Zengcheng, China. Science of The Total Environment, 609, 1569-1581. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.07.178
Sun, Y., Li, J., Ma, R., & Li, W. (2015). Style of spatial distribution of water supply service in Yuqiao watershed. Journal of Water Resources and Water Engineering, 26(1), 1-6.
Vihervaara, P., Rönkä, M., & Walls, M. (2010). Trends in ecosystem service research: Early steps and current drivers. Ambio, 39(4), 314-324. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-010-0048-x
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Wu, L., Zhou, Z., Zhang, L., Chen, Q., Luo, D., & Wu, T. (2023a). The response of habitat quality to landscape pattern changes in karst areas. Environmental Science & Technology, 46, 206-217. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.2c06765
Wu, T., Zhou, Z., Zhang, L., Chen, Q., Luo, D., & Wu, L. (2023b). Study on the spatiotemporal variation of water yield in the NPRB based on the InVEST Model. Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation, 43(3), 129-138.
Xie, G., Zhang, C., Zhang, L., Chen, W., & Li, S. (2015). Improvement of the evaluation method for ecosystem service value based on per unit area. Journal of Natural Resources, 30(8), 1243–1254. https://doi.org/10.11849/zrzyxb.2015.08.001
Xu, J., Wang, S., Xiao, Y., Xie, G., Wang, Y., Zhang, C., Li, P., & Lei, G. (2021). Mapping the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of ecosystem service relationships and bundles in Ningxia, China. Journal of Cleaner Production, 294, 126216. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.126216
Xu, L., He, N., & Yu, G. (2019). 2010s China terrestrial ecosystem carbon density dataset. China Scientific Data, 4, 7.
Zhang, L., Zhou, Z., Chen, Q., Wu, L., Feng, Q., Luo, D., & Wu, T. (2022). Accounting for value changes in cultivated land resources within the karst mountain area of Southwest China, 2001–2020. Land.
Zhang, X., Liu, L., Chen, X., Gao, Y., Xie, S., & Mi, J. (2020). GLC_FCS30: Global land-cover product with fine classification system at 30 m using time-series Landsat imagery. Earth System Science Data.
Zhu, C., Dong, B., Li, S., Lin, Y., & Wang, K. (2021). Identifying the trade-offs and synergies among land use functions and their influencing factors from a geospatial perspective: A case study in Hangzhou, China. Journal of Cleaner Production, 128026.
Cavalli, M., Trevisani, S., Comiti, F., & Marchi, L. (2013). Geomorphometric assessment of spatial sediment connectivity in small Alpine catchments. Geomorphology, 188, 31-41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2012.05.007
Chen, T., Feng, Z., Zhao, H., & Wu, K. (2019). Identification of ecosystem service bundles and driving factors in Beijing and its surrounding areas. Science of the Total Environment, 711, 134687. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134687
Cord, A. F., Bartkowski, B., Beckmann, M., Dittrich, A., Hermans-Neumann, K., Kaim, A., Lienhoop, N., Locher-Krause, K., Priess, J., Schröter-Schlaack, C., Schwarz, N., Seppelt, R., Strauch, M., Václavík, T., & Volk, M. (2017). Towards systematic analyses of ecosystem service trade-offs and synergies: Main concepts, methods and the road ahead. Ecosystem Services, 28, 264-272. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoser.2017.07.012
Costanza, R., de Groot, R., Braat, L., Kubiszewski, I., Fioramonti, L., Sutton, P., Farber, S., & Grasso, M. (2017). Twenty years of ecosystem services: How far have we come and how far do we still need to go? Ecosystem Services, 28, 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoser.2017.09.008
Deng, X., Li, Z., & Gibson, J. J. (2016). A review on trade-off analysis of ecosystem services for sustainable land-use management. Journal of Geographical Sciences, 26(7), 953-968. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11442-016-1309-9
Dittrich, A., Seppelt, R., Václavík, T., & Cord, A. F. (2017). Integrating ecosystem service bundles and socio-environmental conditions – A national scale analysis from Germany. Ecosystem Services, 28, 273-282. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoser.2017.09.004
Feng, Z., Jin, X., Chen, T., & Wu, J. (2021). Understanding trade-offs and synergies of ecosystem services to support the decision-making in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region. Land Use Policy, 106, 105446. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2021.105446
Finlayson, M., Cruz, R. D., Davidson, N., Alder, J., Cork, S., de Groot, R. S., Milton, G. R., Peterson, G., & Pritchard, D. J. (2005). Millennium Ecosystem Assessment: Ecosystems and human well-being: wetlands and water synthesis. Diversity and Distributions, 11(5), 487-488. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1366-9516.2005.00178.x
Gao, J., & Zuo, L. (2021). Revealing ecosystem services relationships and their driving factors for five basins of Beijing. Journal of Geographical Sciences, 31(1), 111-129. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11442-021-1834-3
Huang, J., Zheng, F., Dong, X., & Wang, X.-C. (2023). Exploring the complex trade-offs and synergies among ecosystem services in the Tibet autonomous region. Journal of Cleaner Production, 384, 135483. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.135483
Jaligot, R., Chenal, J., Bosch, M., & Hasler, S. (2019). Historical dynamics of ecosystem services and land management policies in Switzerland. Environmental Impact Assessment Review, 101, 81-90. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eiar.2019.05.004
Lautenbach, S., Kugel, C., Lausch, A., & Seppelt, R. (2011). Analysis of historic changes in regional ecosystem service provisioning using land use data. Ecological Indicators, 11(2), 676-687. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2010.09.007
Li, S., Zhao, Y., Xiao, W., Yellishetty, M., & Yang, D. (2022). Identifying ecosystem service bundles and the spatiotemporal characteristics of trade-offs and synergies in coal mining areas with a high groundwater table. Science of The Total Environment, 807, 151036. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151036
Liu, Y., Lü, Y., Fu, B., Harris, P., & Wu, L. (2019). Quantifying the spatio-temporal drivers of planned vegetation restoration on ecosystem services at a regional scale. Science of the Total Environment, 650, 1029-1040. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.09.089
Locatelli, B., Imbach, P., & Wunder, S. (2014). Synergies and trade-offs between ecosystem services in Costa Rica. Environmental Conservation, 41(1), 27-36. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0376892913000234
López-Vicente, M., Poesen, J., Navas, A., & Gaspar, L. (2013). Predicting runoff and sediment connectivity and soil erosion by water for different land use scenarios in the Spanish Pre-Pyrenees. Catena, 102, 62-73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2011.08.001
Luo, D., Zhou, Z., Chen, Q., Zhang, L., Wu, L., & Wu, T. (2023). The response of CS in karst areas to land use patterns: A case study of the NPRB. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 43(12), 3500-3516. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chnaes.2023.01.007
Orsi, F., Ciolli, M., Primmer, E., Varumo, L., & Geneletti, D. (2020). Mapping hotspots and bundles of forest ecosystem services across the European Union. Land Use Policy, 99, 104840. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2020.104840
Pan, J., Wei, S., & Li, Z. (2020). Spatiotemporal pattern of trade-offs and synergistic relationships among multiple ecosystem services in an arid inland river basin in NW China. Ecological Indicators, 114, 106345. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2020.106345
Paul, R. J., Douglas, B. T., Bennett, E. M., Cumming, G. S., Cork, S. J., John, A., Dobson, A. P., & Peterson, G. D. (2005). Trade-offs across space, time, and ecosystem services. Ecology and Society, 11(1), 709-723. https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-01567-110128
Qiu, J., & Turner, M. G. (2013). Spatial interactions among ecosystem services in an urbanizing agricultural watershed. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 110(29), 12149-12154. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1310539110
Raudsepp-Hearne, C., Peterson, G. D. (2016). Scale and ecosystem services: how do observation, management, and analysis shift with scale—lessons from Québec. Ecology and Society, 21(3), 16. https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-08605-210316
Raudsepp-Hearne, C., Peterson, G. D., & Bennett, E. (2010). Ecosystem service bundles for analyzing tradeoffs in diverse landscapes. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 107(11), 5242-5247. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0907284107
Renard, D., Rhemtulla, J. M., & Bennett, E. M. (2015). Historical dynamics in ecosystem service bundles. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 112(43), 13411-13416. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1502565112
Rodríguez, J. P., Beard Jr, T. D., Bennett, E. M., Cumming, G. S., Cork, S. J., Agard, J., Dobson, A. P., & Peterson, G. D. (2006). Trade-offs across space, time, and ecosystem services. Ecology and Society, 11(1), 28. https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-01667-110128
Sougnez, N., van Wesemael, B., & Vanacker, V. (2011). Low erosion rates measured for steep, sparsely vegetated catchments in southeast Spain. Catena, 84(1), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2010.08.002
Spake, R., Lasseur, R., Crouzat, E., Bullock, J. M., & Eigenbrod, F. (2017). Unpacking ecosystem service bundles: Towards predictive mapping of synergies and trade-offs between ecosystem services. Global Environmental Change, 47, 37-50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2017.08.005
Sun, X., & Li, F. (2017). Spatiotemporal assessment and trade-offs of multiple ecosystem services based on land use changes in Zengcheng, China. Science of The Total Environment, 609, 1569-1581. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.07.178
Sun, Y., Li, J., Ma, R., & Li, W. (2015). Style of spatial distribution of water supply service in Yuqiao watershed. Journal of Water Resources and Water Engineering, 26(1), 1-6.
Vihervaara, P., Rönkä, M., & Walls, M. (2010). Trends in ecosystem service research: Early steps and current drivers. Ambio, 39(4), 314-324. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-010-0048-x
Wang, H., Hu, Y., Yan, H., Liang, Y., Guo, X., & Ye, J. (2022). Trade-off among grain production, animal husbandry production, and habitat quality based on future scenario simulations in Xilinhot. Science of The Total Environment, 817, 153015. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153015
Wu, L., Zhou, Z., Zhang, L., Chen, Q., Luo, D., & Wu, T. (2023a). The response of habitat quality to landscape pattern changes in karst areas. Environmental Science & Technology, 46, 206-217. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.2c06765
Wu, T., Zhou, Z., Zhang, L., Chen, Q., Luo, D., & Wu, L. (2023b). Study on the spatiotemporal variation of water yield in the NPRB based on the InVEST Model. Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation, 43(3), 129-138.
Xie, G., Zhang, C., Zhang, L., Chen, W., & Li, S. (2015). Improvement of the evaluation method for ecosystem service value based on per unit area. Journal of Natural Resources, 30(8), 1243–1254. https://doi.org/10.11849/zrzyxb.2015.08.001
Xu, J., Wang, S., Xiao, Y., Xie, G., Wang, Y., Zhang, C., Li, P., & Lei, G. (2021). Mapping the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of ecosystem service relationships and bundles in Ningxia, China. Journal of Cleaner Production, 294, 126216. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.126216
Xu, L., He, N., & Yu, G. (2019). 2010s China terrestrial ecosystem carbon density dataset. China Scientific Data, 4, 7.
Zhang, L., Zhou, Z., Chen, Q., Wu, L., Feng, Q., Luo, D., & Wu, T. (2022). Accounting for value changes in cultivated land resources within the karst mountain area of Southwest China, 2001–2020. Land.
Zhang, X., Liu, L., Chen, X., Gao, Y., Xie, S., & Mi, J. (2020). GLC_FCS30: Global land-cover product with fine classification system at 30 m using time-series Landsat imagery. Earth System Science Data.
Zhu, C., Dong, B., Li, S., Lin, Y., & Wang, K. (2021). Identifying the trade-offs and synergies among land use functions and their influencing factors from a geospatial perspective: A case study in Hangzhou, China. Journal of Cleaner Production, 128026.
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2025-03-09
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