Planning for Eco-City in China: Policy Mobility in Path Creation of Eco-Zhuhai
Keywords:
Urban planning, eco-city, sustainable, policy mobility, Zhuhai, China
Abstract
Idea of eco-city booms in China’s planning practices under central state’s envisioned transition towards “ecological civilization” wherein Zhuhai stands out as an example well fitted the eco-livable paradigm. To disentangle how Zhuhai has achieved such fame, this article identifies two interlocked and nested forms of policy mobility: policy reformulation towards pro-environment and policy circulation of advanced eco-experiences, and reviews key process of eco-city planning in the city since 1980s. Rather than an explicit, long-term vision, the review suggests that Zhuhai’s reputation as an eco-city model results from cumulative effects of early policy formulation towards environmental protection upon its geographical location, its natural assets, and essentially early hysteresis in the growth race. Though subsequent development has been path-dependently locked in, it is benefitted from the planning regime wherein knowledge and experiences related to eco-city are instantly shared.
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Bibri, S. E. (2020). The eco-city and its core environmental dimension of sustainability: green energy technologies and their integration with data-driven smart solutions. Energy Informatics, 3, 1-26. https://doi.org/10.1186/s42162-020-00107-7
Chang, I. C. C., Leitner, H., & Sheppard, E. (2016). A green leap forward? Eco-state restructuring and the Tianjin–Binhai eco-city model. Regional Studies, 50, 929-943. https://doi.org/10.1080/00343404.2015.1108519
Chang, I. C. C., & Sheppard, E. (2013). Chinas Eco-Cities as Variegated Urban Sustainability: Dongtan Eco-City and Chongming Eco-Island. Journal of Urban Technology, 20, 57-75. https://doi.org/10.1080/10630732.2012.735104
Chien, S.-S. (2013). Chinese eco-cities: A perspective of landspeculation-oriented local entrepreneurialism. China Information, 27, 173-196. https://doi.org/10.1177/0920203X13485702
Chung, C. K. L., Zhang, F., & Wu, F. (2018). Negotiating Green Space with Landed Interests: The Urban Political Ecology of Greenway in the Pearl River Delta, China, Antipode. https://doi.org/10.1111/anti.12384
Davis, M. (2017). Who will build the ark, VERSO BOOKS.
Denig, S. (2013). Asian Green City Index. In A. r. p. b. S. i. c. w. E. I. Unit (Ed.). Infrastructure & Cities, Centre of Competence Cities, Siemens (pp. 1-17). London: Simens.
He, N. (2015, 2015-09-10). Three honored as Chinas top eco-cities revealed. ChinaDaily. Retrieved from http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/regional
Jong, M. d., Yu, C., Joss, S., Wennersten, R., Yu, L., Zhang, X., & Ma, X. (2016). Eco-city development in China: addressing the policy implementation challenge. Journal of Cleaner Production, 134, 31-41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.03.083
Joss, S. (2010). Eco-cities: a global survey 2009. WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environment, 129, 239-250. https://doi.org/10.2495/SC100211
Joss, S. (2011). Eco-cities: the mainstreaming of urban sustainability - Key characteristics and driving factors. International Journal of Sustainable Development and Planning, 6, 268-285. https://doi.org/10.2495/SDP-V6-N3-268-285
Joss, S., Cowley, R., & Tomozeiu, D. (2013). Towards the ubiquitous eco-city: an analysis of the internationalisation of eco-city policy and practice. Urban Research & Practice, 6, 54-74. https://doi.org/10.1080/17535069.2012.762216
Lu, H., & de Jong, M. (2019). Evolution in city branding practices in Chinas Pearl River Delta since the year 2000. Cities, 89, 154-166. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2019.01.026
McCann, E. (2011). Urban policy mobilities and global circuits of knowledge: Toward a research agenda. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 101, 107-130. https://doi.org/10.1080/00045608.2010.520219
McCann, E. (2013). Policy boosterism, policy mobilities, and the extrospective city. Urban Geography, 34, 5-29. https://doi.org/10.1080/02723638.2013.778627
McFarlane, C. (2011). The city as a machine for learning. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 36, 360-376. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-5661.2011.00430.x
Miao, B., & Lang, G. (2015). A tale of two eco-cities: experimentation under hierarchy in Shanghai and Tianjin. Urban Policy and Research, 33, 247-263. https://doi.org/10.1080/08111146.2014.967390
Ong, A. (2011). Worlding Cities: or the art of being global. In A. Roy & A. Ong (Eds.), Worlding Cities: Asian Experiments and the Art of Being Global (pp. 1-26). Oxford, Wiley-Blackwell.
Peck, J., & Theodore, N. (2010). Mobilizing policy: Models, methods, and mutations. Geoforum, 41, 169-174. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2010.01.002
Pow, C., & Neo, H. (2015). Modelling green urbanism in China. Area, 47, 132-140. https://doi.org/10.1111/area.12128
Qian, Y., & Xu, C. (1993). Why Chinas economic reforms differ: the M‐form hierarchy and entry/expansion of the non‐state sector. Economics of Transition, 1, 135-170. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0351.1993.tb00077.x
Rapoport, E., & Vernay, A. (2011). Defining the eco-city: a discursive approach. Paper presented at the the management and innovation for a sustainable built environment conference, international eco-cities initiative, Amsterdam: the Netherlands.
Suzuki, H., Dastur, A., Moffatt, S., Yabuki, N., & Maruyama, H. (2010). Eco2 Cities: Ecological cities as economic cities, The World Bank.
Temenos, C., & McCann, E. (2012). The local politics of policy mobility: learning, persuasion, and the production of a municipal sustainability fix. Environment and Planning A, 44, 1389-1406. https://doi.org/10.1068/a44314
UNEP. (2012). 21 Issues for the 21st Century. Results of the UNEP Foresight Process on Emerging Environmental Issues. Nairobi: United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP).
While, A., Jonas, A. E., & Gibbs, D. (2010). From sustainable development to carbon control: eco‐state restructuring and the politics of urban and regional development. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 35, 76-93. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-5661.2009.00362.x
While, A., Jonas, A. E. G., & Gibbs, D. (2004). The environment and the entrepreneurial city: searching for the urban sustainability fix in Manchester and Leeds. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 28, 549-569. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0309-1317.2004.00535.x
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2022-09-19
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