The Pragmatics of Blackmail in English and Iraqi-Arabic
Keywords:
pragmatics, blackmail, English, Arabic
Abstract
Verbal offences are language crimes that are committed by mere utterances of certain words or expressions whether they are accompanied by physical acts or not. One of those crimes is blackmail. This crime has been studied and compared legally but its linguistic aspect has not been given much attention. This study tries to emphasize this crime pragmatically and contrastively in English and Arabic. No study has shed light on such aspects concerning the study under investigation. The researcher has not found any previous related study to get a benefit from about this topic. There is an attempt to achieve the following aim which is shedding light on the similarities and differences in strategies of blackmail between English and Arabic in terms of speech act, implicature and impoliteness theories. The present study hypothesizes the following: English and Arabic are different from each other in expressing blackmail in terms of speech act theory, implicature and impoliteness. To support or refute the hypothesis of the study, data consisting of 20 complaints in English and Arabic were collected from Courts of Appeal in Iraq, Britain and the United States. They are analyzed in terms of an eclectic model. The results arrived at are: English and Arabic are different in blackmail in terms of the locutionary acts and illocutionary acts. Concerning impoliteness, the same strategies are applied to the verbal offence in both languages. As far as implicature is concerned, the two languages are different in blackmail.
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Collavin, Elena (2011). Speech Acts. In Foundations of Pragmatics. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110214260.373
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Culpeper, J. (2011). Impoliteness: Using Language to Cause Offence. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511975752
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Davis, W. A. (2018). Calculability, Convention, and Conversational Implicature. In Beyond Semantics and Pragmatics. https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198791492.003.0004
Dazhii, Dalkhosh Jarallah Hussein (2017). Speech Acts and their Applicative Models in the Holy Qur'an". Govary Tonza/ Zamarah/ Hawiny Journal, 249-303.
Dehham, S. H., Betti, M. J., & Hussein, N. M. (2021). The Effect of Using Estafet Writing Technique to Enhance Students’ Compositional Efficiency. Education, Language and Sociology Research, 2(1), 1-13.
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Grice, H. P. (1975). Logic and Conversation. Harvard: Harvard University Press.
Grundy, P. (2000). Doing Pragmatics. Oxford: OUP.
Hashim, A. M., & Betti, M. J. (2020). Language Performance and Impairment of Iraqi Patients with Alzheimer’s: A Case Study. Glossa, 3(8), 291-309.
Hussein, A. (2020). Linguistic Pragmatics: A Lecture. Al-Anbar University: College of Arts.
Igaab, Z. K. (2010). The Iraqi Undergraduates' Ability to Use and Find Correspondence between Lexical and Sentential Relations. University of Thi-Qar: College of Arts Journal.
Igaab, Z. K. (2010a). Reduplication in English and Arabic: A Contrastive Study. Journals Education for Girls, 1(1), 3-24.
Igaab, Z. K. (2010b). A Contrastive Study of Metathesis in English and Arabic. Wasit: Journal of College of Education, 1(7), 152-172.
Igaab, Z. K. (2015a). Apposition in English and Arabic: A Contrastive Study. University of Thi-Qar, College of Education for Humanities, 5(4), 110-143.
Igaab, Z. K. (2015b). Modification in English and Arabic: A Contrastive Study. Journal of University of Thi-Qar, College of Arts, 2(1), 1-23.
Igaab, Z. K., & Al-Bdeary, D. R. T. (2016). Substitution in English and Arabic: A Contrastive Study. An Unpublished MA Thesis, College of Education, University of Thi-Qar.
Igaab, Z. K., & Al-Manhalawey, M. S. O. (2010). Case in English and Arabic: A Contrastive Study. Journal of University of Thi-Qar, College of Arts, 1(1), 1-54.
Igaab, Z. K., & Altai, S. M. M. (2018). Concord in English and Arabic: A Contrastive Study. International Journal of English Linguistics, 8(2), 288-297. https://doi.org/10.5539/ijel.v8n2p288
Igaab, Z. K., & Israa, K. (2018). Affixation in English and Arabic: A Contrastive Study. English Language and Literature Studies, 8(1), 92-103. https://doi.org/10.5539/ells.v8n1p92
Igaab, Z. K., & Tarrad, I. R. (2019). Pronouns in English and Arabic: A Contrastive Study. English Language and Literature Studies, 9(1), 53-69. https://doi.org/10.5539/ells.v9n1p53
Igaab, Zainab Kadim and Hanan Abdulhasan (2018). Collocation in English and Arabic: A Contrastive Study. English Language and Literature Studies, 8(4), 89-103. https://doi.org/10.5539/ells.v8n4p89
Ismail, S. (2005). Meaning Theory in Paul Grice's Philosophy. Cairo: Egyptian- Saudi House for Printing, Publishing and Distribution.
Juettner, B. (2009). Blackmail and Bribery. New York: GALE, Cengage Learning.
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