Can Panax Ginseng Aqueous Extract Improve Chilled and Cryopreserved Bull Spermatozoa?
Keywords:
bull, semen cryopreservation, chilled semen, Panax ginseng, chromatin stability
Abstract
This study was to evaluate the influence of Panax ginseng aqueous extract on chilled and frozen-thawed bull sperm quality. Samples of semen were acquired from four bulls through the use of an electro-ejaculator. Extension of the semen was done with tris-egg yolk diluent which was augmented with 0.0, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, 2.5, 5.0, and 7.5 mg/mL Panax ginseng aqueous extract. Diluted chilled portions of the semen were chilled for 6 days at 5 ̊C whereas the frozen semen was cryopreserved in liquid nitrogen. Results revealed that in chilled and frozen-thawed semen, the control group, T1 and T2 recorded higher percentages in terms of sperm motility and viability in all three groups evaluated compared to others, while the high dose of Panax ginseng aqueous extract in T6 and T5 recorded the lowest percentage. Moreover, the values of sperm morphology for chilled and frozen-thawed semen were not significant among the groups. The results of chromatin stability of the present study showed that T2 and control were higher than for other groups. In conclusion, the low dosage groups (T1, T2 and T3) which were received (0.25 mg/mL, 0.5 mg/mL and 1 mg/mL, respectively) from Panax ginseng aqueous extract were not significant as compared with the control group while high-dosage groups (T4, T5 and T6) which were received (2.5 mg/mL, 5 mg/mL and 7.5 mg/mL, respectively) from Panax ginseng aqueous extract were highly decreased spermatozoa characteristics.
References
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Attele, A. S., Wu, J. A., & Yuan, C. S. (1999). Ginseng pharmacology: multiple constituents and multiple actions. Biochem pharmacol, 58(11), 1685-1693. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0006-2952(99)00212-9
Baghshahi, H., Riasi, A., Mahdavi, A., & Shirazi, A. (2014). Antioxidant effects of clove bud (Syzygium aromaticum) extract used with different extenders on ram spermatozoa during cryopreservation. Cryobiology, 69(3), 482-487. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cryobiol.2014.10.009
Baiee, F. H., Abd Wahid H., Rosnina Y., Ariff O., Yimer, N., Zaid J., Salman H., Tarig A. A., W-N. Fitri, & M. Umar. (2017). Kinetic Motilities of Cryopreserved Bull Spermatozoa: Owing to the Effect of Eurycoma longifolia Jack Aqueous Extract. American J Anim Vet Sci, 12(2). https://doi.org/10.3844/ajavsp.2017.77.84
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Baiee, F., Wahid, H., Rosnina, Y., Ariff, O., & Yimer, N. (2018b). Sperm DNA Impairment in the Bull: Causes, Influences on Reproduction and Evaluations. Pertanika J Trop Agricul Sci, 41(1).
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Borges-Silva, J. C., Silva, M. R., Marinho, D. B., Nogueira, E., Sampaio, D. C., Oliveira, L. O. F., & Sartori, R. (2016). Cooled semen for fixed-time artificial insemination in beef cattle. Reprod Fert Develop, 28(7), 1004-1008. https://doi.org/10.1071/RD14185
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Holt, W., Del Valle, I., & Fazeli, A. (2015). Heat shock protein A8 stabilizes the bull sperm plasma membrane during cryopreservation: Effects of breed, protein concentration, and mode of use. Theriogenology, 84(5), 693-701. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2015.05.004
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Abul Rashid, B., & Nurin Qistina, M. N. (2015). Preliminary Evaluation on the Use of Coconut Water as Semen Dilent for Local Kampung Cockerel. Paper presented at the Proc. 2nd ARCP & 36th MASP Ann. Conf.,1-3 June 2015, Pordickson, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia.
Amann, R. P., & Waberski, D. (2014). Computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA): capabilities and potential developments. Theriogenology, 81(1), 5-17. e13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2013.09.004
Amirat-Briand, L., Bencharif, D., Vera-Munoz, O., Pineau, S., Thorin, C., Destrumelle, S., . . . Shmitt, E. (2010). In vivo fertility of bull semen following cryopreservation with an LDL (low density lipoprotein) extender: Preliminary results of artificial inseminations. Anim Reprod Sci, 122(3), 282-287. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anireprosci.2010.09.006
Attele, A. S., Wu, J. A., & Yuan, C. S. (1999). Ginseng pharmacology: multiple constituents and multiple actions. Biochem pharmacol, 58(11), 1685-1693. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0006-2952(99)00212-9
Baghshahi, H., Riasi, A., Mahdavi, A., & Shirazi, A. (2014). Antioxidant effects of clove bud (Syzygium aromaticum) extract used with different extenders on ram spermatozoa during cryopreservation. Cryobiology, 69(3), 482-487. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cryobiol.2014.10.009
Baiee, F. H., Abd Wahid H., Rosnina Y., Ariff O., Yimer, N., Zaid J., Salman H., Tarig A. A., W-N. Fitri, & M. Umar. (2017). Kinetic Motilities of Cryopreserved Bull Spermatozoa: Owing to the Effect of Eurycoma longifolia Jack Aqueous Extract. American J Anim Vet Sci, 12(2). https://doi.org/10.3844/ajavsp.2017.77.84
Baiee, F. H., Wahid, H., Rosnina, Y., Ariff, O., Yimer, N., Jeber, Z., Hammadi, S., Tarig, A., & Harighi, F. (2018a). Impact of Eurycoma longifolia extract on DNA integrity, lipid peroxidation, and functional parameters in chilled and cryopreserved bull sperm. Cryobiology, 80, 43-50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cryobiol.2017.12.006
Baiee, F., Wahid, H., Rosnina, Y., Ariff, O., & Yimer, N. (2018b). Sperm DNA Impairment in the Bull: Causes, Influences on Reproduction and Evaluations. Pertanika J Trop Agricul Sci, 41(1).
Bollwein, H., Fuchs, I., & Koess, C. (2008). Interrelationship between plasma membrane integrity, mitochondrial membrane potential and DNA fragmentation in cryopreserved bovine spermatozoa. Reprod Domes Anim, 43(2), 189-195. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0531.2007.00876.x
Borges-Silva, J. C., Silva, M. R., Marinho, D. B., Nogueira, E., Sampaio, D. C., Oliveira, L. O. F., & Sartori, R. (2016). Cooled semen for fixed-time artificial insemination in beef cattle. Reprod Fert Develop, 28(7), 1004-1008. https://doi.org/10.1071/RD14185
Büyükleblebici, S., Tuncer, P. B., Bucak, M. N., Eken, A., Sarıözkan, S., Taşdemir, U., & Endirlik, B. Ü. (2014). Cryopreservation of bull sperm: Effects of extender supplemented with different cryoprotectants and antioxidants on sperm motility, antioxidant capacity and fertility results. Anim Reprod Sci, 150(3), 77-83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anireprosci.2014.09.006
Chelucci, S., Pasciu, V., Succu, S., Addis, D., Leoni, G. G., Manca, M. E., … Berlinguer, F. (2015). Soybean lecithin–based extender preserves spermatozoa membrane integrity and fertilizing potential during goat semen cryopreservation. Theriogenology, 83(6), 1064-1074. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2014.12.012
Chen, J., Xu, M., Chen, L., Chen, Y., & Chiu, T. (1998). Effect of Panax notoginseng saponins on sperm motility and progression in vitro. Phytomedicine, 5(4), 289-292. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0944-7113(98)80068-8
Cho, J.-G., Lee, M.-K., Lee, J.-W., Park, H.-J., Lee, D.-Y., Lee, Y.-H., … Baek, N.-I. (2010). Physicochemical Characterization and NMR Assignments of Ginsenosides Rb 1, Rb 2, R c, and Rd Isolated from Panax ginseng. J Ginseng Res, 34(2), 113-121. DOI:10.5142/jgr.2010.34.2.113
Eidan, S. M. (2016). Effect on post-cryopreserved semen characteristics of Holstein bulls of adding combinations of vitamin C and either catalase or reduced glutathione to Tris extender. Anim Reprod Sci, 167, 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anireprosci.2016.01.014
Felipe-Pérez, Y. E., de Lourdes Juárez-Mosqueda, M., Hernández-González, E. O., & de Jesús Valencia, J. (2008). Viability of fresh and frozen bull sperm compared by two staining techniques. Acta Vet Bras, 2(4), 123-130. https://doi.org/10.21708/avb.2008.2.4.895
Gadea, J., Gumbao, D., Canovas, S., García‐Vázquez, F. A., Grullón, L. A., & Gardón, J. C. (2008). Supplementation of the dilution medium after thawing with reduced glutathione improves function and the in vitro fertilizing ability of frozen‐thawed bull spermatozoa. Int J Androl, 31(1), 40-49. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2605.2007.00756.x
Galarza, D., de Guevara, M. L., Beltrán-Breña, P., Sánchez-Calabuig, M., López-Sebastián, A., Santiago-Moreno, J., & Rizos, D. (2019). 137 Assessment of fertilizing ability of Merino ram semen cold stored up to 48 h by heterologous IVF of bovine oocytes. Reprod Fert Develop, 31(1), 194-194. https://doi.org/10.1071/RDv31n1Ab137
Gray, S. L., Lackey, B. R., & Boone, W. R. (2016). Effects of Panax ginseng, zearalenol, and estradiol on sperm function. J Ginseng Res, 40(3), 251-259. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jgr.2015.08.004
Holt, W., Del Valle, I., & Fazeli, A. (2015). Heat shock protein A8 stabilizes the bull sperm plasma membrane during cryopreservation: Effects of breed, protein concentration, and mode of use. Theriogenology, 84(5), 693-701. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2015.05.004
Kaefer, C., Komninou, E. R., Campos, V. F., de Leon, P. M., Arruda, F. V. S., Nascimento, K. S., … Deschamps, J. C. (2013). Binding pattern and toxicological effects of lectins from genus Canavalia on bovine sperm. Reprod Toxicol, 38, 72-80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.reprotox.2013.03.003
Kaka, A., Haron, W., Leghari, R. A., Memon, M. I., Kaka, U., Mirani, A. H., … Kalwar, Q. (2016). Effect of in-vitro supplementation of polyunsaturated fatty acids on frozen-thawed bull sperm characteristics using Bioxcell® extender. Pure Appl Biol, 5(3), 399-405. http://dx.doi.org/10.19045/bspab.2016.50052
Kaka, A., Wahid, H., Rosnina, Y., Yimer, N., Khumran, A., Behan, A. A., & Ebrahimi, M. (2015). Alpha‐Linolenic Acid Supplementation in Tris Extender Can Improve Frozen–Thawed Bull Semen Quality. Reprod Domes Anim, 50(1), 29-33. https://doi.org/10.1111/rda.12445
Kandelousi, M. S., Arshami, J., Naserian, A., & Abavisani, A. (2013). The effects of addition of omega-3, 6, 9 fatty acids on the quality of bovine chilled and frozen-thawed sperm. Open Vet J, 3(1), 47.
Kasimanickam, R., Kasimanickam, V., Thatcher, C., Nebel, R., & Cassell, B. (2007). Relationships among lipid peroxidation, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, sperm parameters, and competitive index in dairy bulls. Theriogenology, 67(5), 1004-1012. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2006.11.013
Khalifa, T., Rekkas, C., Lymberopoulos, A., Sioga, A., Dimitriadis, I., & Papanikolaou, T. (2008). Factors affecting chromatin stability of bovine spermatozoa. Anim Reprod Sci, 104(2), 143-163. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anireprosci.2007.02.019
Khoshvaght, A., Towhidi, A., Zare-shahneh, A., Noruozi, M., Zhandi, M., Davachi, N. D., & Karimi, R. (2015). Dietary n-3 PUFAs improve fresh and post-thaw semen quality in Holstein bulls via alteration of sperm fatty acid composition. Theriogenology, 85(5), 807-812. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2015.10.023
Khumran, A., Yimer, N., Rosnina, Y., Ariff, M., Wahid, H., Kaka, A., & Sarsaifi, K. (2015). Butylated hydroxytoluene can reduce oxidative stress and improve quality of frozen–thawed bull semen processed in lecithin and egg yolk based extenders. Anim Reprod Sci, 163, 128-134. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anireprosci.2015.10.007
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