Adaptation of Tef {Eragrostistef(Zucc) Trotter} Varieties for Early Maturing Types in Tigray
Abstract
Tef is the most important and wider adaptable cereal crop in Ethiopia. The most limiting tef productions are low yielding cultivars, biotic such as pest and diseases and abiotic such as drought, fertility depletion and inappropriate agronomic practice and difficulty nature of tef for mechanization. The objective of the study was to evaluate the adaptability of early maturing tef varieties. Tef varieties were evaluated for their earliness and adaptability at three locations and over two years. The trial included 8 varieties and one local check with the design of RCBD in three replications. The analysis of variance showed that there was significant difference (P<-0.001) between genotypes and locations for the days to heading, days to maturity, plant height, panicle length, grain yield and (P<-0.05) for biomass yield. However, it does not provide evidence for interaction between the varieties and locations on all traits except for days to maturity. Simada was early maturing and well performing, following Boset. Therefore, cultivation of both varieties enhances the production of tef in the study areas and similar agro-ecologies. Allocation of varieties to their niche might increase the productivity of tef. In general, evaluation tef varieties in the right place and development of target variety for earliness and yield performance increase production in the region as well as the nation. Further work needed breeding to develop drought tolerant and higher yielding.
References
Assefa, K., Connarazzi, G., D, G., Kamies, R., Chanyalew, S., & Plaza-Wuthrich, S., et al. (2015). Genetic Diversity in Tef{Eragrostis tef {Zucc) Trotter}. Frontiers in plant Science, 6, 177. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2015.00177
Assefa, K., Ketema, S., Tefera, H., Hundera, F., & Kefyalew, T. (2001). Genetic Divesrity for Agronomic Traits in tef. In H. Tefera, G. Belay, & M. Sorrel (Ed.), Narrowing The Rift , Proceeding of the internation Worship on Tef genetics and improvment,16-19, (pp. 33-48). Debre Zeit , Ethiopia. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0523.2010.01782.x
Assefa, K., Yu, J. K., M, Z., Belay, G., Tefera, H., & Sorrel, M. E. (2011). Breeding Tef {Eragrostis tef(Zucc) Trotter}:Conventional and Molecular approaches. Plant Breeding, 130, 1-9.
CAS. (2018). The Federal democratic Republic of Ethiopia Centeral stastical Agency Agriultural Sample servey. Stastical Bulletin , Addis Ababa.
Cruz, C., & Castodi, F. (1991). Decomposicao da interaccao genotipos x ambientes em partes simples ecomplexa. Revista ceres, 38, 422-430.
Eberhart, S., & Russel, W. A. (1966). Stability Parameters for Comparing Variaaties. Crop Science, 6, 36-40. https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci1966.0011183X000600010011x
Kassa, L. D., Smith, M. F., & Fufa, H. (2006). Stability analysis of grain yield of tef (Eragrostis tef) using the mixed model approach. South African Journal of Plant and Soil, 23(1), 38-42. https://doi.org/10.1080/02571862.2006.10634727
Kebebew, A., Getachew, B., Hailu, T., Ju-kyung, Y., & Mark, E. S. (2009). Breedinf tef:Conventional and Moleculra Approaches. In Z. Tadele (Ed.), New Approaches to Planr Breeding of Orphan crops in Africa : proceeding of an Interanational cofference, 19-21 (pp. 21-25). Bern ,Switzerland .
Ketema, S. (1993). Tef(Eragrostis tef): Breeding,Genetic Resources, Agronomic, Utilization and Role in Ethiopia . Institute of Agricultural Research.
Mizan, T. A., Hussein, S., Mark, L., & Kebebew, A. (2016). Performance of Tef [Eragrostis tef (Zucc.) Trotter] Genotypes for Yield and Yield Components Under Drought-Stressed and Non-Stressed Conditions. Crop Science, 56.
Mizan, T. A., Shimelis, H., Mark, L., & Kebebew, A. (2017). Genetic variation and trait association of tef [Eragrostis tef (Zucc.) Trotter] evaluated under optimal and moisture stressed environments. Australian journal of crop science. AJCS, 11(03), 241-247. https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci2015.07.0449
Molla, F., Nigus, D., & Tsedalu, J. (2012). Participatory on farm performance evaluation of improved Tef (Eragrostis tef L) varieties in East Belessa, north western Ethiopia. International Research Journal of Plant Science, 3(7), 137-140.
Natol, B., Tolessa, T., & Belda, I. (2018). Performance Evaluation and Adaptation Trial of Tef Genotypes for Moisture Stress Areas of Borana, Southern Oromia. Advances in Crop Science and Technology, 6(3).
Patrick, R. (1982). An extension of Shapiro and Wilk's W test for normality to large samples. Applied Statistics, 31, 115–124. https://doi.org/10.2307/2347973
Pinheiro, J. C., & Bates, D. M. (2000). Mixed-Effects Models in S and S-PLUS, Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0318-1
SAS. (2004). SAS (.1.3 Users Guide cary, NC ::SAS institute Inc. S. Memon, M. J, USA .
Seyfu, K. (1993). Tef {Eragrostis tef(Zucc)Troter} Breeding genetic resource, agronomy utilization and role of in Ethiopia agriculture.Institute of agricultural research. Addis Ababa.
Tefera, H., & Ketama, S. (2000). production andImportnace of tefin Ethiopia Agriculture. In H. Tefera, G. Belay, & M. Sorrel (Ed.), Proceeding of the International Workship on Tef Genetics and improvement (pp. 16-19). Addis Ababa.
Tiruneh, K., Hailu, T., Kebebew, A., & Mulu, A. (2000). Phenotypic diversity for qualitative and phenologic characters in germplasm collections of tef (Eragrostis tef). Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution, 47, 73–80.
Vavilov. (1951). The origin, variation, immunity and breeding of cultivated plants. Translated from the russian by K.S. Chester, Ronald Press Co.New York, USA. https://doi.org/10.1097/00010694-195112000-00018
Wilcox, R. R. (1989) Comparing the variances of dependent groups. Psychometrika, 54, 305-315. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02294522
Wilsie. (1962). Crop Adaptation and Ditribution . san Francisco: freeman and Co.,.
Worku, K. (2018). Genetic Variability and Association of Yield and Yield Related Traits in Drought Tolerant Tef [Eragrostis tef (Zucc.) Trotter] Genotypes in the Central Rift Valley of Ethiopia.
Zerihun T. (2016). Drought Adaptation in Millets. In Arun K. Shanker & Chitra Shanker (Eds.), Aboitic and Biotic stress in plant, Recent Advance and future perspectives. INTech. Janeza trdine Croatio.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Copyright for this article is retained by the author(s), with first publication rights granted to the journal.
This is an open-access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
