Evaluation of Drought Tolerance Indices and Nitrogen Fertilization for Some Groundnut (Arachis Hypogaea L.) Genotypes
Abstract
Water is essential to maximize crop yield and quality. This natural resource has assumed huge importance, especially in the warmest areas, where drought and environmental degradation has affected agricultural production. In order to identify drought tolerance of some groundnut genotypes and to investigate the relationships between seed yield, quality and drought tolerance indices a study was made using 10 promising genotypes. The experiment was carried out during 2014-2017 and sowed under randomized block design with four replicates. It included three factors: two levels of irrigation (a1 – non - irrigated and a2 - irrigated), two levels of fertilization (b1 – non-fertilized and b2 - 100 active Nitrogen/ha) and genotype (C1-C10). Seed yield depending on the influence of the factor, varied from 535.95 Kg/ha (non-irrigated) to 2020.95 Kg/ha (irrigated); from 1055.30 Kg/ha (non-fertilized) to 1501 Kg/ha (fertilized) and from 1111.30 Kg/ha to 1388 Kg/ha depending on genotype. Same influence factors for protein content varied from 25.65% (irrigated) to 28.61% (non-irrigated); from 26.33% (non-fertilized) to 27.93% (fertilized) and from 25.59% to 28.52% depending on genotype. Stress susceptibility index (SSI) varied from 0.964 to 1.040; Stress Tolerance Index (STI) from 0.138 to 0.435; Mean Productivity (MP) from 883.5 to 1616.0; Geometric Mean Productivity (GMP) from 750.3 to 1332.7; Tolerance index (TOL) from 933.0 to 1844.0; Harmonic Mean (HM) from 637.2 to 1099.0; Yield Index (YI) 0.777 to 1.308 and Yield Stability Index (YSI) from 0.236 to 0.309. High values of SSI, STI, YI, DI, RDI and SSPI indicate drought tolerance and those variants present high stability.
References
Adinya, I. B., Enun, E. E., & Ijoma, J. U. (2010). Exploring profitability potentials in groundnut production through agroforestry practices: a case study in Nigeria. Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences, 20(2), 123 – 131.
Awadalla, A. O., & Abbas, M. T. (2017). Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.). Yield and its components as affected by N-fertilization and diazotroph inoculation in Toshka desert soil-South Valley-Egypt. Environ Risk Assess Remediat. 1(3), 40-46. https://doi.org/10.4066/2529-8046.100023
Dima, M., Croitoru, M., & Drăghici, R. (2013). Research on application of NPK fertilizers in peanuts grown on sandy soils. Scientific Papers. Series A. Agronomy, LVI, 223-225.
Divito, G. A., & Sadras, V. O. (2014). How do phosphorus, potassium and sulphur affect plant growth and biological nitrogen fixation in crop and pasture legumes? A meta-analysis. F. Crop Res., 156, 161-171. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2013.11.004
Fagbemigun, O. V., & Oguntola, E. A. (2019). Effect of organomineral nitrogen starter fertilizer on the growth and yield of groundnut (Arachis hypogea L.). Advances in Plants & Agriculture Research, 9(9), 86-94.
FAO. (2011). The state of the world’s land and water resources for food and agriculture (SOLAW) – Managing systems at risk. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome and Earthscan, London.
Ghanbari, A., Siahsar, B., Tovassoli, A., Esmaeilian, Y., & Babaeian, M. (2011). Effect of uniconazole and cycocel on growth, yield and nutrient uptake of pearl millet under drought stress condition. Am-Euras J. Agric. Environ. Sci., 10, 857-862.
Iancu, P., Păniță, O., Soare, M. (2019). Response of some new wheat genotypes to nitrogen fertilization and prospects of yield breeding based on yield elements. Romanian Agricultural Research, 36, 41-49.
Iancu, P., Soare, M., & Matei, G. (2014). The influence of chemical fertilizers and soil upon the crop formation to groundnuts and the correlation with the phenomenon of withering. Analele Universității din Craiova, seria Agricultură – Montanologie – Cadastru (Annals of the University of Craiova – Agriculture, Montanology, Cadastre Serie), XLIV, 107-112.
Ilker, E., Tatar, O., Aykut, T. F., Tosun, M., & Turk, J. (2011). Determination of tolerance level of some wheat genotypes to post anthesis drought. Turkish Journal of Field crops, 16(1), 59-63.
Izaguirre-Mayoral, M. L., & Sinclair, T. R. (2009). Irradiance regulates genotype-specific responses of Rhizobium - nodulated soybean to increasing iron and two manganese concentrations in solution culture. J. Plant Physiol, 166(8), 807-818. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jplph.2008.10.006
Jeetendra, K. S., Kumar, A., Kumar, V., Rani, S., & Banerjee, A. (2016). Response of groundnut under micro irrigation - a review. Progressive Research – An International Journal, 11(Special-VII), 4455-4459.
Junjittakarn, J., Pimratch, S., Jogloy, S., Hotoon, W. N., Singkham, N., Vorasoot, N., Toomsan, B., Holbrook, C. C., & Patanothai, A. (2013). Nutrient uptake of peanut genotypes under different water regimes. International Journal of Plant Production, 7(4), 677-692.
Maheswari, M., Murthy, A. N. G., & Shanker, A. K. (2017). Nitrogen Nutrition in Crops and Its Importance in Crop Quality. Sources of Reactive Nitrogen, Environmental and Climate Effects, Management Options and Policies, 175-186. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-811836-8.00012-4
Nassar, S. M. A., Al-Kady, A. M. A., & El-Saka, Z. I. (2018). Effect of Drought Stress on Yield and Yield Components of 20 Peanut Genotypes Grown under Newly Reclaimed Soil. Egypt. J. Agro., 40(1), 45–58. https://doi.org/10.21608/agro.2018.2275.1088
Seadh, S. E., Abido, W. A. E., Abd, El-Al., A. N., & Ibrahim, Z. A. A. (2017). Effect of NPK levels on productivity and quality of some groundnut genotypes under newly reclaimed sandy soils conditions. J. Plant Production, Mansoura Univ., 8(5), 605-609.
Sinclair, T. R., & Vadez, V. (2012). The future of grain legumes in cropping systems. Crop Pasture Sci., 63, 501-512. https://doi.org/10.1071/CP12128
Soare, M., & Iancu, P. (2011). Selection indices used to groundnut for choosing the initial material of breeding by irradiation. Analele Universitatii din Craiova, seria Agricultura - Montanologie – Cadastru, XLI(2), 231-236.
Soare, M., Iancu, P., & Matei, G. (2016). Drought and its influence upon groundnut crop. SGEM 16th International Multidisciplinary Scientific Geoconference. Advances in Biotechnology. Book 6(1), 517-524. https://doi.org/10.5593/sgem2016/b61/s25.068.
Wan, L., Wu, Y., Huang, J., Dai, X., Lei, Y., Yan, L., Jiang, H., Zhang, J., Varshney, R. K., & Liao, B. (2014). Identification of ERF genes in peanuts and functional analysis of AhERF008 and AhERF019 in abiotic stress response. Funct. Integr. Genom., 14, 467–477. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10142-014-0381-4
Yakubu, H., Kwari, J. D., & Tekwa, J. A. (2010). Nodulation and N2 – fixation by grain legumes as affected by Boron Fertilizers in Sudano – Sahelian Zone of North eastern Nigeria. American Eurasian Journal of Agriculture and Environmental Science, 8(5), 514-519.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Copyright for this article is retained by the author(s), with first publication rights granted to the journal.
This is an open-access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
