The Effectiveness of Two Hydroponically Fodder Production of Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) as Compared to Open Field System in Mount Lebanon
Keywords:
Alfalfa, coconut fiber bag, NFT, fertilization recipe, quality variation, productivity
Abstract
This work aims to study the effect on the productivity and quality variation of alfalfa using the two different fertilization recipes: F1 and F2 along with two different cultivation method in soilless: coconut fiber bag CF, Nutrient Film Technique (NFT) and in soil So. Number of leaves, stem length, number of flowers, crude protein, fiber and ash content of alfalfa plants were measured during the three cuttings time of the production cycle. In the productivity phase, results showed that during the three cuttings repetition, the number of leaves, stem length and number of flowers of alfalfa were in favor of the treatment of coconut fiber bags and the F1 fertilization recipe (CF1) followed by NFT with a good interaction noticeable at this combination level (CF1) with the cutting 1. As for the quality variation phase, the results showed that the crude protein and ash content are in favor of alfalfa grown in soilless CF2; CF1; NFTF1 and NFTF2. As for fiber content, F1 was the most favorable and NFTF1 reported higher fiber content than coconut fiber bags. Concerning the cutting system, cut 1 had a large impact on chemical composition. In summary, alfalfa grown in soilless is more productive and succeeded in the production cycle and the quality variation of alfalfa.
References
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Birle, E., Heyer, D. & Vogt, N. (2008). Influence of the initial water content and dry density on the soil–water retention curve and the shrinkage behavior of a compacted clay. Acta Geotech, 3, 191–200. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11440-008-0059-y
Buxton, D. R. (2010). Growing Quality Forages under Variable Environmental Conditions. 10. Corpus ID: 10697328.
Delevatti, L., Cardoso, A.D.S, Barbero, R., Leite, R., Romanzini, E., Ruggieri, ana claudia, & Reis, R. (2019). Effect of nitrogen application rate on yield, forage quality, and animal performance in a tropical pasture. Scientific Reports, 9. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-44138-x
El-Morsy A. T., Abul-Soud, M., & Emam, M. S. A. (2013). Localized hydroponic green forage technology as a climate change adaptation under Egyptian conditions. Research Journal of Agriculture and Biological Sciences, 9(6), 341-350.
FAO (2020). Recovery and Rehabilitation of the Dairy Sector in Lebanon: Supporting the Agriculture Livelihood in Improving the Dairy Value Chain in a Protracted Crisis Context - Lebanon.” ReliefWeb.
FAO, (2010). Résultats globaux du module de base du recensement de l’agriculture, Projet « Observatoire Libanais de Développement Agricole ». (Weldegerima et al., 2005)
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Fazaeli, H., Golmoihammadi, H., Tabatabayee, S. N., & Asghari-Tabrizi, M. (2012). Productivity and Nutritive Value of Barley Green Fodder Yield in Hydroponic System. World Applied Sciences Journal, 16(4), 531-539. IDOSI Publications, 2012
Fernando, N., Panozzo, J., Tausz, M, Norton, RM., Neumann, N., Fitzgerald, G. J., & Seneweera. S. (2014). Elevated CO2 alters grain quality of two bread wheat cultivars grown under different environmental conditions. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 185, 24-33
Gashaw, M. (2015). Review on Biomass Yield Dynamics and Nutritional Quality of Alfalfa (Medicago Sativa). Journal of Harmonized Research in Applied Science, 3(4), 241-251. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/295546163
Hallman, E., & Kobryn, J. (2014). Yield and quality of cherry tomato (Lycopersicum Esculentum Var Cerasiform) cultivated on rockwool and cocofiber. Acta Horticulturae, (2003)614, 693-697.
Kallenbach, R. L., Nelson, C. J., & Coutts, J. H. (2002); Yield, Quality, and Persistence of Grazing- and Hay-Type Alfalfa under Three Harvest Frequencies. Agronomy Journal, 94(5). https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj2002.1094.
Kılıç Ü. (2016). Hydroponic Systems in Forage Production. Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology, 4(9), 793–799. https://doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v4i9.793-799.859
Kumar, S., Singh, M., & Singh, P. (2021). Opportunities and constraints in hydroponic crop production systems: A review. Agricultural and Food Sciences, Environmental Science. https://doi.org/10.36953/ecj.2021.22346. Corpus ID: 245347631
Kumarasingue, H., Subasinghe. S., & Ransimala. D. (2016). “Effect of Coco Peat Particle Size for the Optimum Growth of Nursery Plant of Greenhouse Vegetables.” Tropical Agricultural Research and Extension, 18(1), 51. https://doi.org/10.4038/TARE.V18I1.5324
Lamb, J. F. S, Sheaffer, C. C., & Samac, D. (2003). Population Density and Harvest Maturity Effects on Leaf and Stem Yield in Alfalfa. Agronomy Journal. https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj2003.6350
Liu, J., Liu, X., Zhang, Q., Li, S., Sun, Y., Weihua, L., & Chunhui, M. (2020). Response of alfalfa growth to arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and phosphate-solubilizing bacteria under different phosphorus application levels. AMB Expr 10, 200. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13568-020-01137-w
Lloveras, J., Ferran, J., Boixadera, J., & Bonet, J. (2001) Potassium Fertilization Effects on Alfalfa in a Mediterranean Climate. Agronomy Journal, 93(1), 139-143. https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj2001.931139x
Maboko, M., Bertling, I., & Du Plooy, C. P. (2013) Arbuscular mycorrhiza has limited effect on yield and quality of tomatoes grown under soilless cultivation. Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B — Soil & Plant Science, 63(3), 261-270. https://doi.org/10.1080/09064710.2012.755219
Marković, J., Strbanovic, R., Cvetkovic, M., Andelkovic, B., & Zivkovic, B. (2009). Effects of growth stage on the mineral concentrations in alfalfa (Medicago sativa) leaf, stems and the whole plant. Biotechnol Anim Husb, 25, 1225–1231
Naik, P., Bijaya, S., & Singh, N. (2015). Review-Production and Utilisation of Hydroponics Fodder, 32, 1–9.
Ndaru, P., Nurul Huda, A., Marjuki, M., Prasetyo, R., Shofiatun, U., Nuningtyas, Y., Ndaru, R., & Kusmartono, K. (2020). Providing High Quality Forages with Hydroponic Fodder System. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 478, 012054. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/478/1/1012054
Orloff, S. B., & Putnam, D. H. (2007). Forage quality testing. In Irrigated Alfalfa Management in Mediterranean and Desert Zones. Chapter 16, edited by Summers, C.G. & Putnam, D.H. Oakland: University of California Agriculture and Natural Resources Publication 8302. Retrieved March 13, 2015, from http://alfalfa.ucdavis.edu/Irrigated Alfalfa. Accessed on.
Pimentel, R. M., Bayão, G. F. V., Lelis, D. L., Cardoso, A. J. S., Saldarriaga, F. V., Melo, C. C. V., & Santos, M. E. R. (2016). Ecofisiologia de plantas forrageiras. PUBVET, 10, 666–679.
Platače, R., & Adamovičs, A. (2014). The evaluation of ash content in grass biomass used for energy production. doi:10.2495/EQ140992
Popovic, S., Grljusic S., Cupic, T., Tucak, M., & Stjepanovic, M. (2001). Protein and Fiber contents in Alfalfa leaves and stems. Options Méditerranéennes : Série A. Séminaires Méditerranéens; n. 45). 14. Réunion Eucarpia du Groupe Medicago spp., 2001/09/12-15, Zaragoza and Lleida (Spain). Retrieved from http://om.ciheam.org/om/pdf/a45/01600086.pdf
Rankin, M. (2013). Seven Unique Factors of First-Cut Alfalfa, University of Wisconsin Extension
Rimi, F., Macolino, S., Leinauer, B., Lauriault, L. M., & Ziliotto, U. (2010). Alfalfa Yield and Morphology of Three Fall-Dormancy Categories Harvested at Two Phenological Stages in a Subtropical Climate. Agronomy Journal. https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj2010.0193
Samperio-Ruíza, G. (2009). Perennial Production of Green Hydroponics Forage. ISHS. Acta Hort. 843.
Sanderson, M. A., Labreveux, M., Hall, M. H., & Elwinger, G. F. (2000). Forage Yield and Persistence of Chicory and English Plantain. Crop science. https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci2003.9950
Savvas, D., & Gruda, N. (2018). Application of Soilless Culture Technologies in the Modern Greenhouse Industry-A Review. European Journal of Horticultural Science, 83, 280–93. https://doi.org/10.17660/eJHS.2018/83.5.2
Sepahvand, D., Matinizadeh, M., Etemad,V., & Shirvany,V. (2021). Changes in morphological and biochemical properties of Celtis caucasica L. mycorrhizal fungi-inoculated under drought stress condition. Central Asian Journal of Environmental Science and Technology Innovation, 4(2021), 142-155. https://doi.org/10.22034/CAJESTI.2021.04.01
Tabet, E., Al-Haf, R., Hosri, C., & Farah, L. (2020). Effect of Fertigation and Foliar Application of Seaweed’s Bio Stimulant on Banana Yield. Agricultural Science, 3(1), 2021. https://doi.org/10.30560/as.v3n1p1.
Tabet, E., Sleiman, P., Hosri, C., Rouphael, S., Farah, L. (2020). Optimisation of Off-Soil Tomato Fertilization and Substrate Recipes. Agricultural Science, 2(1). https://doi.org/10.30560/as.v2n1p243
USDA. Published Estimates Database, National Agricultural Statistics Service. Retrieved from http://www.nass.usda.gov:81/ipedb/
Ventroni, L., Volenec, J., Cangiano, C. (2010). Fall dormancy and cutting frequency impact on alfalfa yield and yield components. Field Crops Research, 119, 2–3. November–December 2010, Pages 252-259. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2010.07.015
Wang, M., Franco, M., Cai, Y., Yu, Z. (2020). Dynamics of fermentation profile and bacterial community of silage prepared with alfalfa, whole-plant corn and their mixture. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 270, 114702. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2020.114702
Wang, Z., Qiang, H., Zhao, H., Xu, R., Zhang, Z., Gao, H., Wang, X., Liu, G., & Zhang, Y. (2016). Association Mapping for Fiber-Related Traits and Digestibility in Alfalfa (Medicago sativa). Original Research article. Front. Plant Sci., 18 March 2016. Sec. Plant Breeding, 7, 2016. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2016.00331.
Bandara, B. E. S., De Silva, D. A. M., Maduwanthi, B. C. H., & Warunasinghe, W. A. A. I. (2016). Impact of food labeling information on consumer purchasing decision: with special reference to faculty of Agricultural Sciences. Procedia Food Science, 6(2016), 309-313. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.profoo.2016.02.061
Birle, E., Heyer, D. & Vogt, N. (2008). Influence of the initial water content and dry density on the soil–water retention curve and the shrinkage behavior of a compacted clay. Acta Geotech, 3, 191–200. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11440-008-0059-y
Buxton, D. R. (2010). Growing Quality Forages under Variable Environmental Conditions. 10. Corpus ID: 10697328.
Delevatti, L., Cardoso, A.D.S, Barbero, R., Leite, R., Romanzini, E., Ruggieri, ana claudia, & Reis, R. (2019). Effect of nitrogen application rate on yield, forage quality, and animal performance in a tropical pasture. Scientific Reports, 9. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-44138-x
El-Morsy A. T., Abul-Soud, M., & Emam, M. S. A. (2013). Localized hydroponic green forage technology as a climate change adaptation under Egyptian conditions. Research Journal of Agriculture and Biological Sciences, 9(6), 341-350.
FAO (2020). Recovery and Rehabilitation of the Dairy Sector in Lebanon: Supporting the Agriculture Livelihood in Improving the Dairy Value Chain in a Protracted Crisis Context - Lebanon.” ReliefWeb.
FAO, (2010). Résultats globaux du module de base du recensement de l’agriculture, Projet « Observatoire Libanais de Développement Agricole ». (Weldegerima et al., 2005)
FAOSTAT (2017). Crops Data. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Retrieved from http://faostat3.fao.org
Fazaeli, H., Golmoihammadi, H., Tabatabayee, S. N., & Asghari-Tabrizi, M. (2012). Productivity and Nutritive Value of Barley Green Fodder Yield in Hydroponic System. World Applied Sciences Journal, 16(4), 531-539. IDOSI Publications, 2012
Fernando, N., Panozzo, J., Tausz, M, Norton, RM., Neumann, N., Fitzgerald, G. J., & Seneweera. S. (2014). Elevated CO2 alters grain quality of two bread wheat cultivars grown under different environmental conditions. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 185, 24-33
Gashaw, M. (2015). Review on Biomass Yield Dynamics and Nutritional Quality of Alfalfa (Medicago Sativa). Journal of Harmonized Research in Applied Science, 3(4), 241-251. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/295546163
Hallman, E., & Kobryn, J. (2014). Yield and quality of cherry tomato (Lycopersicum Esculentum Var Cerasiform) cultivated on rockwool and cocofiber. Acta Horticulturae, (2003)614, 693-697.
Kallenbach, R. L., Nelson, C. J., & Coutts, J. H. (2002); Yield, Quality, and Persistence of Grazing- and Hay-Type Alfalfa under Three Harvest Frequencies. Agronomy Journal, 94(5). https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj2002.1094.
Kılıç Ü. (2016). Hydroponic Systems in Forage Production. Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology, 4(9), 793–799. https://doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v4i9.793-799.859
Kumar, S., Singh, M., & Singh, P. (2021). Opportunities and constraints in hydroponic crop production systems: A review. Agricultural and Food Sciences, Environmental Science. https://doi.org/10.36953/ecj.2021.22346. Corpus ID: 245347631
Kumarasingue, H., Subasinghe. S., & Ransimala. D. (2016). “Effect of Coco Peat Particle Size for the Optimum Growth of Nursery Plant of Greenhouse Vegetables.” Tropical Agricultural Research and Extension, 18(1), 51. https://doi.org/10.4038/TARE.V18I1.5324
Lamb, J. F. S, Sheaffer, C. C., & Samac, D. (2003). Population Density and Harvest Maturity Effects on Leaf and Stem Yield in Alfalfa. Agronomy Journal. https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj2003.6350
Liu, J., Liu, X., Zhang, Q., Li, S., Sun, Y., Weihua, L., & Chunhui, M. (2020). Response of alfalfa growth to arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and phosphate-solubilizing bacteria under different phosphorus application levels. AMB Expr 10, 200. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13568-020-01137-w
Lloveras, J., Ferran, J., Boixadera, J., & Bonet, J. (2001) Potassium Fertilization Effects on Alfalfa in a Mediterranean Climate. Agronomy Journal, 93(1), 139-143. https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj2001.931139x
Maboko, M., Bertling, I., & Du Plooy, C. P. (2013) Arbuscular mycorrhiza has limited effect on yield and quality of tomatoes grown under soilless cultivation. Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B — Soil & Plant Science, 63(3), 261-270. https://doi.org/10.1080/09064710.2012.755219
Marković, J., Strbanovic, R., Cvetkovic, M., Andelkovic, B., & Zivkovic, B. (2009). Effects of growth stage on the mineral concentrations in alfalfa (Medicago sativa) leaf, stems and the whole plant. Biotechnol Anim Husb, 25, 1225–1231
Naik, P., Bijaya, S., & Singh, N. (2015). Review-Production and Utilisation of Hydroponics Fodder, 32, 1–9.
Ndaru, P., Nurul Huda, A., Marjuki, M., Prasetyo, R., Shofiatun, U., Nuningtyas, Y., Ndaru, R., & Kusmartono, K. (2020). Providing High Quality Forages with Hydroponic Fodder System. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 478, 012054. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/478/1/1012054
Orloff, S. B., & Putnam, D. H. (2007). Forage quality testing. In Irrigated Alfalfa Management in Mediterranean and Desert Zones. Chapter 16, edited by Summers, C.G. & Putnam, D.H. Oakland: University of California Agriculture and Natural Resources Publication 8302. Retrieved March 13, 2015, from http://alfalfa.ucdavis.edu/Irrigated Alfalfa. Accessed on.
Pimentel, R. M., Bayão, G. F. V., Lelis, D. L., Cardoso, A. J. S., Saldarriaga, F. V., Melo, C. C. V., & Santos, M. E. R. (2016). Ecofisiologia de plantas forrageiras. PUBVET, 10, 666–679.
Platače, R., & Adamovičs, A. (2014). The evaluation of ash content in grass biomass used for energy production. doi:10.2495/EQ140992
Popovic, S., Grljusic S., Cupic, T., Tucak, M., & Stjepanovic, M. (2001). Protein and Fiber contents in Alfalfa leaves and stems. Options Méditerranéennes : Série A. Séminaires Méditerranéens; n. 45). 14. Réunion Eucarpia du Groupe Medicago spp., 2001/09/12-15, Zaragoza and Lleida (Spain). Retrieved from http://om.ciheam.org/om/pdf/a45/01600086.pdf
Rankin, M. (2013). Seven Unique Factors of First-Cut Alfalfa, University of Wisconsin Extension
Rimi, F., Macolino, S., Leinauer, B., Lauriault, L. M., & Ziliotto, U. (2010). Alfalfa Yield and Morphology of Three Fall-Dormancy Categories Harvested at Two Phenological Stages in a Subtropical Climate. Agronomy Journal. https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj2010.0193
Samperio-Ruíza, G. (2009). Perennial Production of Green Hydroponics Forage. ISHS. Acta Hort. 843.
Sanderson, M. A., Labreveux, M., Hall, M. H., & Elwinger, G. F. (2000). Forage Yield and Persistence of Chicory and English Plantain. Crop science. https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci2003.9950
Savvas, D., & Gruda, N. (2018). Application of Soilless Culture Technologies in the Modern Greenhouse Industry-A Review. European Journal of Horticultural Science, 83, 280–93. https://doi.org/10.17660/eJHS.2018/83.5.2
Sepahvand, D., Matinizadeh, M., Etemad,V., & Shirvany,V. (2021). Changes in morphological and biochemical properties of Celtis caucasica L. mycorrhizal fungi-inoculated under drought stress condition. Central Asian Journal of Environmental Science and Technology Innovation, 4(2021), 142-155. https://doi.org/10.22034/CAJESTI.2021.04.01
Tabet, E., Al-Haf, R., Hosri, C., & Farah, L. (2020). Effect of Fertigation and Foliar Application of Seaweed’s Bio Stimulant on Banana Yield. Agricultural Science, 3(1), 2021. https://doi.org/10.30560/as.v3n1p1.
Tabet, E., Sleiman, P., Hosri, C., Rouphael, S., Farah, L. (2020). Optimisation of Off-Soil Tomato Fertilization and Substrate Recipes. Agricultural Science, 2(1). https://doi.org/10.30560/as.v2n1p243
USDA. Published Estimates Database, National Agricultural Statistics Service. Retrieved from http://www.nass.usda.gov:81/ipedb/
Ventroni, L., Volenec, J., Cangiano, C. (2010). Fall dormancy and cutting frequency impact on alfalfa yield and yield components. Field Crops Research, 119, 2–3. November–December 2010, Pages 252-259. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2010.07.015
Wang, M., Franco, M., Cai, Y., Yu, Z. (2020). Dynamics of fermentation profile and bacterial community of silage prepared with alfalfa, whole-plant corn and their mixture. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 270, 114702. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2020.114702
Wang, Z., Qiang, H., Zhao, H., Xu, R., Zhang, Z., Gao, H., Wang, X., Liu, G., & Zhang, Y. (2016). Association Mapping for Fiber-Related Traits and Digestibility in Alfalfa (Medicago sativa). Original Research article. Front. Plant Sci., 18 March 2016. Sec. Plant Breeding, 7, 2016. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2016.00331.
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2024-12-31
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