Design and Testing of an Online Fertilizing Amount Detection Device Based on the Moment Balance Principle
Keywords:
fertilization amount, fertilizer mass flow, mechanical fertilization, moment balance principle, fertilizer guide mechanism, fertilizer discharging mechanism
Abstract
Based on the principle of moment balance, this paper designs a fertilizer application amount online detection device, which is mainly composed of two major parts: the fertilizer guide mechanism and the fertilizer metering and discharging mechanism.Under the electromagnetic reversing and buffering of the fertilizer guide mechanism, the fertilizer discharged into the device falls alternately into the storage box of the two metering units of the metering and discharging mechanism. Once the gravity of the fertilizer in the storage box is greater than the suction of the electromagnetic sucker, the fertilizer discharging board is automatically opened for fertilizer discharge, and the metering pulse signal is accumulated once. Meanwhile, the fertilizer guide plate is driven by the electromagnetic commutator to reverse the material, and then another storage box is started for fertilizer storage and metering. In this approach, online detection of fertilizer flow can be realized by repeatedly guiding and reversing and metering the incoming fertilizer. According to the single metering fertilizer quality and the number of metering pulse signals, the fertilization amount can be calculated in real-time.The performance of the device was verified by bench test. The test results indicated that: The established fertilizer application detection model is a quadratic function (R2>0.98), and the verification error was less than 3.73% in the detection of alternating cycle fertilizer discharge; the coefficient of determination (R2) and the root mean square error (RMSE) reached 0.992 and 9.858 respectively, indicating high detection accuracy of the device is.
References
Back, S. W., Yu, S. H., Kim, Y. J., Chung, S. O., & Lee, K. H. (2014). An image based application rate measurement system for a granular fertilizer applicator. Transactions of ASABE, 57, 679-687. https://doi.org/10.13031/trans.57.10605
Chen, G., Ma, L., & Chen, H. (2013). Research status and development trend of precision fertilization technology. Journal of Jilin Agricultural University, 35, 253-259. (in Chinese). https://doi.org/10.13327/j.jjlau.2013.03.012
Chen, J., Zhao, B., Yi, S., Ge, T., & Xiao, Y. (2017). Research on present situation and the development countermeasures of variable rate fertilization technology in China. Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research, 39, 1-6. (in Chinese). https://doi.org/10.13427/j.cnki.njyi.2017.10.001
Chen, M., Shi, Y., Wang, X., Sun, G., & Li, Y. (2015). Design and experiment of variable rate fertilizer applicator based on crop canopy spectral reflectance. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery, 46, 26-32. (in Chinese). https://doi.org/10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2015.05.005
De Araujo Zanella, R. A., da Silva, E., & Pessoa Albini, L. C. (2020). Security challenges to smart agriculture: Current state, key issues, and future directions. Array, 8, 100048. https://doi.org/org/10.1016/j.array.2020.100048
Ding, X., Cui, D., Liu, T., Wang, S., & Zhao, L. (2019). Optimization design and experiment of precision variable fertilizer device. Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization, 40, 5-12. (in Chinese). https://doi.org/10.13733/j.jcam.issn.2095-5553.2019.01.02
Ding, Y., Liu, Z., Chen, C., Liu, H., Luo, J., & Yu, H. (2021). Functional detection method of application rate based on principle of dynamic weighing. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery, 52, 146-154. (in Chinese). https://doi.org/10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2021.10.015
Gao, F. (2016). Optimization and experimental study on seeding and fertilizing Performance of suction maizeno-till seeder. Shenyang: Shenyang Agricultural University. (in Chinese). Retrieved from https://kns.cnki.net/KCMS/detail/detail.aspx?dbname=CMFD201701&filename=1016149299.nh
Grift, T. E., Walker, J. T., & Hofstee, J. W. (2001). Mass flow measurement of granular materials In aerial application part2: Experimental model validation. Transactions of the ASAE, 44, 27-34. https://doi.org/10.13031/2013.2299
Hong, C., Liu, M., & Li, W. (2015). Evaluation on the policies of non-point pollution control of chemical fertilizer in China. Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment, 29, 1-6. (in Chinese). https://doi.org/10.13448/j.cnki.jalre.2015.107
Jia, H., Li, M., & Lu, J. (2012). Research and application of object center of gravity measuring system based on torque balance theory. Weighing Apparatus, 41, 5-9. (in Chinese). https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1003-5729.2012.08.003
Jia, H., Wen, X., Wang, G., Liu, H., & Guo, H. (2020). Design and experiment of mass flow sensor for granular fertilizer. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery, 51, 130-136. (in Chinese). https://doi.org/10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2020.S1.015
Jin, X., Li, Q., Yuan, Y., Qiu, Z., Zhou, L., & He, Z. (2018). Design and test of 2BFJ-24 type variable fertilizer and wheat precision seed sowing machine. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery, 49, 84-92. (in Chinese). https://doi.org/10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2018.05.010
Kamilaris, A., Kartakoullis, A., & Prenafeta-Boldú, F. X. (2017) A review on the practice of big data analysis in agriculture. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 143, 23-37. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compag.2017.09.037
Lai, Q., Jia, G., Su, W., Zhao, L., Qiu, X., & Lv, Q. (2022). Design and test of chain-spoon type precision seed-metering device for ginseng based on DEM-MBD coupling. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery, 53, 91-104. (in Chinese). https://doi.org/10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2022.03.009
Li, P., Liang, C., Wang, Z., Wang, S., Wang, P., & Zhang, R. (2021). Research status and suggestions of precision variable rate fertilization technology in China. Agricultural Engineering, 11, 31-34. (in Chinese). https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.2095-1795.2021.11.008
Liang, H., Zhu, X., Zhang, K., You, J., & Xie, Y. (2021). Research on relation between electromagnetic force and coil ampere turns of direct-acting electromagnetic mechanism. Low Voltage Apparatus, 1, 22-28+35. (in Chinese). https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-5531.2021.01.004
Liu, C., Lin, H., Li, Y., Gong, L., & Miao, Z. (2020). Analysis on status and development trend of intelligent control technology for agricultural equipment. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery, 51, 1-18. (in Chinese). https://doi.org/10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2020.01.001
Ning, J., Zhang, C., Li, Y., Li, T., Zhou, Q., & Zheng, W. (2021). Research on residual magnetic attraction of the Electromagnet Disk. Small & Special Electrical Machines, 49, 26-28. (in Chinese). https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1004-7018.2021.01.007
Swisher, D. W., Borgelt, S. C., & Sudduth, K. A. (2002). Optical sensor for granular fertilizer flow rate measurement. Transactions of the ASAE, 45, 881-888. https://doi.org/10.13031/2013.9934.
Tang, J., Zhu, Z., Han, W., Qiu, Z., Xi, J., Yi, Y., & Yang, J. (2019) Optimal simulation design of DC solenoid electromagnet. Low Voltage Apparatus, 22, 36-39. (in Chinese). https://doi.org/10.16628/j.cnki.2095-8188.2019.22.007
van Bergeijk, J., Goense, D., van Willigenburg, L. G., & Speelman, L. (2001). PA—Precision Agriculture: Dynamic weighting for accurate fertilizer application and monitoring. Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research, 80, 25-35. https://doi.org/10.1006/jaer.2001.0714
Yang, L., Huang, J., Zhang, J., Hu, H., Liu, G., & Lv, S. (2020). Mass flow measurement system of granular fertilizer based on microwave doppler method. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery, 51, 210-217. (in Chinese). https://doi.org/10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2020.S1.024
Yu, H., Ding, Y., Tan, X., Bi, W., Wang, B., & Ding, W. (2016). Design and experiments on equipment for detecting performance of fertilizer applicator. Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University, 39, 511-517. (in Chinese). https://doi.org/10.7685/jnau.201508024
Zhai, C., Yang, S., Wang, X., Zhang, C., & Song, J. (2022). Status and prospect of intelligent measurement and control technology for agricultural equipment. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery, 53, 1-20. (in Chinese). https://doi.org/10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2022.04.001
Zhao, B., Kuang, L., & Zhang, W. (2010). Seed and fertilizer intelligent Gauging and monitoring system of suction precision seeder. Transactions of the CSAE, 26, 147-153. (in Chinese). https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2010.02.025
Zhao, M., & Wang, X. (2019a). Design and experiment of on-line measuring device for fertilizer box allowance based on capacitance method. China Southern Agricultural Machinery, 1, 52, 60. (in Chinese). https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1672-3872.2019.01.036
Zhao, M., Wang, X., Qi, Z., & Tian, Y. (2019b) Design and test of electrode for material level detection sensor based on COMSOL. China Agricultural Mechanization, 40, 158-163. (in Chinese). https://doi.org/10.13733/j.jcam.issn.2095-5553.2019.04.28
Zhou, L., Ma, M., Yuan, Y., Zhang, J., Dong, X., & Wei, C. (2017). Design and test of fertilizer mass monitoring system based on capacitance method. Transactions of the CSAE, 33, 44-51. (in Chinese). https://doi.org/10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.24.006
Zhou, L., Zhang, X., & Yuan, Y. (2010). Design of capacitance seed rate sensor of wheat planter. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 26, 99-103. (in Chinese). https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2010.10.015
Zhu, Z., & Jin, J. (2013). Fertilizer use and food security in china. Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science, 19, 259-273. (in Chinese). https://doi.org/10.11674/zwyf.2013.0201
Chen, G., Ma, L., & Chen, H. (2013). Research status and development trend of precision fertilization technology. Journal of Jilin Agricultural University, 35, 253-259. (in Chinese). https://doi.org/10.13327/j.jjlau.2013.03.012
Chen, J., Zhao, B., Yi, S., Ge, T., & Xiao, Y. (2017). Research on present situation and the development countermeasures of variable rate fertilization technology in China. Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research, 39, 1-6. (in Chinese). https://doi.org/10.13427/j.cnki.njyi.2017.10.001
Chen, M., Shi, Y., Wang, X., Sun, G., & Li, Y. (2015). Design and experiment of variable rate fertilizer applicator based on crop canopy spectral reflectance. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery, 46, 26-32. (in Chinese). https://doi.org/10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2015.05.005
De Araujo Zanella, R. A., da Silva, E., & Pessoa Albini, L. C. (2020). Security challenges to smart agriculture: Current state, key issues, and future directions. Array, 8, 100048. https://doi.org/org/10.1016/j.array.2020.100048
Ding, X., Cui, D., Liu, T., Wang, S., & Zhao, L. (2019). Optimization design and experiment of precision variable fertilizer device. Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization, 40, 5-12. (in Chinese). https://doi.org/10.13733/j.jcam.issn.2095-5553.2019.01.02
Ding, Y., Liu, Z., Chen, C., Liu, H., Luo, J., & Yu, H. (2021). Functional detection method of application rate based on principle of dynamic weighing. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery, 52, 146-154. (in Chinese). https://doi.org/10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2021.10.015
Gao, F. (2016). Optimization and experimental study on seeding and fertilizing Performance of suction maizeno-till seeder. Shenyang: Shenyang Agricultural University. (in Chinese). Retrieved from https://kns.cnki.net/KCMS/detail/detail.aspx?dbname=CMFD201701&filename=1016149299.nh
Grift, T. E., Walker, J. T., & Hofstee, J. W. (2001). Mass flow measurement of granular materials In aerial application part2: Experimental model validation. Transactions of the ASAE, 44, 27-34. https://doi.org/10.13031/2013.2299
Hong, C., Liu, M., & Li, W. (2015). Evaluation on the policies of non-point pollution control of chemical fertilizer in China. Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment, 29, 1-6. (in Chinese). https://doi.org/10.13448/j.cnki.jalre.2015.107
Jia, H., Li, M., & Lu, J. (2012). Research and application of object center of gravity measuring system based on torque balance theory. Weighing Apparatus, 41, 5-9. (in Chinese). https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1003-5729.2012.08.003
Jia, H., Wen, X., Wang, G., Liu, H., & Guo, H. (2020). Design and experiment of mass flow sensor for granular fertilizer. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery, 51, 130-136. (in Chinese). https://doi.org/10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2020.S1.015
Jin, X., Li, Q., Yuan, Y., Qiu, Z., Zhou, L., & He, Z. (2018). Design and test of 2BFJ-24 type variable fertilizer and wheat precision seed sowing machine. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery, 49, 84-92. (in Chinese). https://doi.org/10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2018.05.010
Kamilaris, A., Kartakoullis, A., & Prenafeta-Boldú, F. X. (2017) A review on the practice of big data analysis in agriculture. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 143, 23-37. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compag.2017.09.037
Lai, Q., Jia, G., Su, W., Zhao, L., Qiu, X., & Lv, Q. (2022). Design and test of chain-spoon type precision seed-metering device for ginseng based on DEM-MBD coupling. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery, 53, 91-104. (in Chinese). https://doi.org/10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2022.03.009
Li, P., Liang, C., Wang, Z., Wang, S., Wang, P., & Zhang, R. (2021). Research status and suggestions of precision variable rate fertilization technology in China. Agricultural Engineering, 11, 31-34. (in Chinese). https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.2095-1795.2021.11.008
Liang, H., Zhu, X., Zhang, K., You, J., & Xie, Y. (2021). Research on relation between electromagnetic force and coil ampere turns of direct-acting electromagnetic mechanism. Low Voltage Apparatus, 1, 22-28+35. (in Chinese). https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1001-5531.2021.01.004
Liu, C., Lin, H., Li, Y., Gong, L., & Miao, Z. (2020). Analysis on status and development trend of intelligent control technology for agricultural equipment. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery, 51, 1-18. (in Chinese). https://doi.org/10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2020.01.001
Ning, J., Zhang, C., Li, Y., Li, T., Zhou, Q., & Zheng, W. (2021). Research on residual magnetic attraction of the Electromagnet Disk. Small & Special Electrical Machines, 49, 26-28. (in Chinese). https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1004-7018.2021.01.007
Swisher, D. W., Borgelt, S. C., & Sudduth, K. A. (2002). Optical sensor for granular fertilizer flow rate measurement. Transactions of the ASAE, 45, 881-888. https://doi.org/10.13031/2013.9934.
Tang, J., Zhu, Z., Han, W., Qiu, Z., Xi, J., Yi, Y., & Yang, J. (2019) Optimal simulation design of DC solenoid electromagnet. Low Voltage Apparatus, 22, 36-39. (in Chinese). https://doi.org/10.16628/j.cnki.2095-8188.2019.22.007
van Bergeijk, J., Goense, D., van Willigenburg, L. G., & Speelman, L. (2001). PA—Precision Agriculture: Dynamic weighting for accurate fertilizer application and monitoring. Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research, 80, 25-35. https://doi.org/10.1006/jaer.2001.0714
Yang, L., Huang, J., Zhang, J., Hu, H., Liu, G., & Lv, S. (2020). Mass flow measurement system of granular fertilizer based on microwave doppler method. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery, 51, 210-217. (in Chinese). https://doi.org/10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2020.S1.024
Yu, H., Ding, Y., Tan, X., Bi, W., Wang, B., & Ding, W. (2016). Design and experiments on equipment for detecting performance of fertilizer applicator. Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University, 39, 511-517. (in Chinese). https://doi.org/10.7685/jnau.201508024
Zhai, C., Yang, S., Wang, X., Zhang, C., & Song, J. (2022). Status and prospect of intelligent measurement and control technology for agricultural equipment. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery, 53, 1-20. (in Chinese). https://doi.org/10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2022.04.001
Zhao, B., Kuang, L., & Zhang, W. (2010). Seed and fertilizer intelligent Gauging and monitoring system of suction precision seeder. Transactions of the CSAE, 26, 147-153. (in Chinese). https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2010.02.025
Zhao, M., & Wang, X. (2019a). Design and experiment of on-line measuring device for fertilizer box allowance based on capacitance method. China Southern Agricultural Machinery, 1, 52, 60. (in Chinese). https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1672-3872.2019.01.036
Zhao, M., Wang, X., Qi, Z., & Tian, Y. (2019b) Design and test of electrode for material level detection sensor based on COMSOL. China Agricultural Mechanization, 40, 158-163. (in Chinese). https://doi.org/10.13733/j.jcam.issn.2095-5553.2019.04.28
Zhou, L., Ma, M., Yuan, Y., Zhang, J., Dong, X., & Wei, C. (2017). Design and test of fertilizer mass monitoring system based on capacitance method. Transactions of the CSAE, 33, 44-51. (in Chinese). https://doi.org/10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.24.006
Zhou, L., Zhang, X., & Yuan, Y. (2010). Design of capacitance seed rate sensor of wheat planter. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 26, 99-103. (in Chinese). https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2010.10.015
Zhu, Z., & Jin, J. (2013). Fertilizer use and food security in china. Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science, 19, 259-273. (in Chinese). https://doi.org/10.11674/zwyf.2013.0201
Published
2022-10-28
Issue
Section
Articles
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Copyright for this article is retained by the author(s), with first publication rights granted to the journal.
This is an open-access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
