Digital Saboteurs: Unmasking Insider Cybersecurity Threats in Aviation and Aerospace
Keywords:
aviation cybersecurity, aviation administration, cybersecurity risk management, insider cybersecurity threats, insider threat detection, organizational arsonists, organizational behavior, organizational culture
Abstract
Insider risks in aviation and aerospace are frequently underestimated, perceived as isolated technical glitches rather than intentional acts capable of crippling air traffic control and endangering passengers. Comparable to arsonists who wield fire to destroy, these internal adversaries leverage their trusted positions to inflict financial loss, disrupt operations, and undermine organizational cohesion. The financial impact is significant, with incidents contained within a month averaging $10.6 million, while prolonged breaches can exceed $18 million. Such events consistently divert cybersecurity resources from strategic initiatives to reactive crisis management, imposing substantial ongoing costs on aviation organizations. This commentary-style article reframes insider cybersecurity threats using the metaphor of organizational arsonists, offering a unique and powerful framework for comprehending these complex risks in the aviation sector. This research adopts a multidisciplinary perspective, blending cybersecurity, legal frameworks, and psychological analysis to offer an extensive strategy for countering insider threats beyond purely technical solutions. It emphasizes the necessity of human-centric strategies, ethical accountability, and legal compliance, calling for aviation organizations to adopt a holistic defense posture that addresses technological vulnerabilities and behavioral risks. The article's originality lies in bridging multiple disciplines and framing insider threats as technical challenges and full-scale organizational crises within the aviation and aerospace industries. Combining advanced technologies such as artificial intelligence with human behavior analysis provides actionable strategies for aviation organizations to combat their digital arsonists. This interdisciplinary approach encourages cybersecurity professionals, legal scholars, and organizational leaders in aviation to rethink insider threat management, creating a more resilient and secure organizational environment.
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Butaka, G. (2021, November 17). Human error in cyberspace. ISACA. https://www.isaca.org
Cheraghi, R., Ebrahimi, H., Kheibar, N., & Sahebihagh, M. H. (2023). Reasons for resistance to change in nursing: An integrative review. BMC Nursing, 22, 310. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-023-01460-0
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Errida, A., & Lotfi, B. (2021). The determinants of organizational change management success: Literature review and case study. International Journal of Engineering Business Management, 13, 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1177/18479790211016273
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Garg, N., & Sharma, N. (2025). Does gratuitous behaviour promote workplace nonviolence? Exploring the mediating role of constructive deviance. International Journal of Emerging Markets, 20(4), 1686–1704. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOEM-07-2022-1129
Gelles, M. G. (2021). Insider threat prevention, detection, and mitigation: Building an insider threat program. In J. R. Meloy & J. Hoffmann (Eds.), International handbook of threat assessment (2nd ed., pp. 669–693). Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/med-psych/9780190940164.003.0037
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International Civil Aviation Organization. (2022). ICAO insider threat toolkit. https://www.icao.int/Security/securityculture/Documents/Insider%20threat%20toolkit.EN.pdf
Jones, L. A. (2024). Unveiling human factors: Aligning facets of cybersecurity leadership, insider threats, and arsonist attributes to reduce cyber risk. Security, 8(2), 44–63. https://doi.org/10.21511/sec.8(2).2024.04
Jones, L. A. (2020). Reputation risk and potential profitability: Best practices to predict and mitigate risk through amalgamated factors (Publication No. 28152966) [Doctoral dissertation, Northcentral University]. ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global.
Kizilcan, S., & Mizrak, K. C. (2022). Cyber attacks in civil aviation and the concept of cyber security. International Journal of Disciplines Economics & Administrative Sciences Studies, 8(47), 745–748.
Klenka, M. (2021). Aviation cyber security: Legal aspects of cyber threats. Journal of Transportation Security, 14(3–4), 177–195. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12198-021-00232-8
Krull, K. E. (2016, August). The threat among us: Insiders intensify aviation terrorism (PNNL-25689). U.S. Department of Energy. https://www.pnnl.gov/main/publications/external/technical_reports/PNNL-25689.pdf
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Lauzier, J. G. (2025). Insurance design and arson-type risks. Annals of Actuarial Science, 19(1), 126–139. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1748499524000186
Lekota, P., & Coetzee, M. (2019). Cybersecurity incident response for the sub-Saharan African aviation industry. In 2019 International Conference on Advances in Big Data, Computing and Data Communication Systems (icABCD) (pp. 1–6). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICABCD.2019.8851011
Leppard Law Firm. (2024, December 20). Evaluating insider threats under the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act and US federal law. Author. https://leppardlaw.com/federal/computer-crimes/evaluating-insider-threats-under-the-computer-fraud-and-abuse-act-and-us-federal-law/
Leppard Law Firm. (2021). Analyzing the role of cybersecurity negligence in damage cases under federal law. Author. https://leppardlaw.com/federal/computer-crimes/analyzing-the-role-of-cybersecurity-negligence-in-reckless-damage-cases-under-federal-law/
Lykou, G., Anagnostopoulou, A., & Gritzalis, D. (2018). Implementing cyber-security measures in airports to improve cyber-resilience. In 2018 Global Internet of Things Summit (GIoTS) (pp. 1–6). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/GIOTS.2018.8534575
Mahdi, A. K., & Assim, M. I. S. A. (2025). Managing unprofessional behavior in the workplace: An organizational psychology perspective. International Journal of Science Academic Research, 6(1), 9023–9024.
Majzoub, M. S. (2025, June 27). Insider threats are the trojan horse of cybersecurity in the AI era. Forbes. https://www.forbes.com/councils/forbestechcouncil/2025/06/27/insider-threats-are-the-trojan-horse-of-cybersecurity-in-the-ai-era/
Malik, H. (2025, March 19). Why the aviation industry needs robust cybersecurity strategies. Access Intelligence. https://www.satellitetoday.com/cybersecurity/2025/03/19/why-the-aviation-industry-needs-robust-cybersecurity-strategies/
Mimecast. (2024). Annual data exposure report 2024. https://www.mimecast.com/resources/white-papers/annual-data-exposure-report-2024/
National Insider Threat Special Interest Group. (2021). Legal counsel support to insider threat program. Author. https://www.nationalinsiderthreatsig.org/itrmresources/Laws%20And%20Regulations%20Related%20To%20Insider%20Threats-Espionage-Fraud%2012-15-14.pdf
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. (2025). Actions from federal government needed to alleviate air traffic controller staffing shortages at many facilities. https://www.nationalacademies.org/news/2025/06/actions-from-federal-government-needed-to-alleviate-air-traffic-controller-staffing-shortages-at-many-facilities-says-new-report
Nobles, C. (2022). Stress, burnout, and security fatigue in cybersecurity: A human factors problem. HOLISTICA: Journal of Business and Public Administration, 13(1), 49–72. https://doi.org/10.2478/hjbpa-2022-0003
Osborne, C., & Thompson, J. A. (2024). Shedding new light for nurses: Enhancing pressure injury prevention across skin tones with sub-epidermal moisture assessment technology. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 80(6), 2450–2460. https://doi.org/10.1111/jan.16040
Petkauhas, V. (2023, November 15). Boeing breach: LockBit leaks 50 GB of data. Cybernews. https://cybernews.com/news/boeing-data-leak-lockbit-ransomware/
Pincus, E. (2025, January 27). The ultimate guide to security awareness training. INFOSEC. https://www.infosecinstitute.com/resources/security-awareness/ultimate-guide/
Plachkinova, M., & Knapp, K. (2023). Least privilege across people, process, and technology: Endpoint security framework. Journal of Computer Information Systems, 63(5), 1153–1165. https://doi.org/10.1080/08874417.2022.2128937
Ponemon Institute & DTEX. (2025). Cost of insider risks global report.
Ponemon-Sullivan Report. (2023). Cost of insider risks global report – 2023. https://ponemonsullivanreport.com/2023/10/cost-of-insider-risks-global-report-2023/
Quinn, S., Waheduzzaman, W., & Djurkovic, N. (2025). Impact of organizational culture on bullying behavior in public sector organizations. Public Personnel Management, 54(2), 184–208. https://doi.org/10.1177/00910260241287619
Rafi, T. (2022, June 9). Why sustainability is crucial for corporate strategy. World Economic Forum. https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2022/06/why-sustainability-is-crucial-for-corporate-strategy/
Said, S. (2024). Emerging aviation security challenges: Preparing for 2025. LinkedIn. https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/emerging-aviation-security-challenges-preparing-2025-safieeldin-said-3wawf
Slauson, T., & FOX 13 Seattle Digital Team. (2024, September 13). Cyberattack that brought down Sea-Tac Airport systems was ransomware. FOX 13 Seattle. https://www.fox13seattle.com/news/sea-labor-day-cyberattack-ransomware
Smith, G. (2024, December 10). Insider threat statistics: (2025’s most shocking trends). StationX. https://www.stationx.net/insider-threat-statistics/
Ukwandu, E., Ben-Farah, M. A., Hindy, H., Bures, M., Atkinson, R., Tachtatzis, C., Andonovic, A., & Bellekens, X. (2022). Cyber-security challenges in aviation industry: A review of current and future trends. Information, 13(3), 146. https://doi.org/10.3390/info13030146
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Published
2025-07-15
How to Cite
Burton, S. (2025, July 15). Digital Saboteurs: Unmasking Insider Cybersecurity Threats in Aviation and Aerospace. Law, Economics and Society, 1(2), p1. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.30560/les.v1n2p1
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