Law, Economics and Society https://j.ideasspread.org/index.php/les <p>Law, Economics and Society (LES) is an international, double-blind peer-reviewed, open-access journal published by IDEAS SPREAD INC. It provides an academic platform for professionals and researchers to contribute innovative work in the field.&nbsp;It carries&nbsp;original and full-length articles that reflect the latest research and developments in both theoretical and practical aspects of law, economics and society.&nbsp;</p> IDEAS SPREAD INC en-US Law, Economics and Society <p>Copyright for this article is retained by the author(s), with first publication rights granted to the journal.<br>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).</p> Navigating the Turbulent Waters: An In-Depth Study of US-China Geopolitical Rivalry https://j.ideasspread.org/index.php/les/article/view/1418 <p class="text">This manuscript explores the intricate and multifaceted geopolitical frictions between the United States and the People’s Republic of China, which have crystallized as a salient characteristic of contemporary international relations. By scrutinizing the historical antecedents of this rivalry, the discourse elucidates pivotal determinants exacerbating the burgeoning tensions, encompassing trade disputes, military posturing, and a burgeoning technological rivalry. This study endeavours to untangle the intricacies of US-China relations and their ramifications for global equilibrium through a rigorous analysis of diplomatic overtures, space race, and security dilemmas. Furthermore, the paper assesses the agency of regional actors and multilateral institutions in modulating the dynamics of this rivalry. Finally, this study’s evaluation aspires to furnish insights into prospective trajectories for conflict resolution and cooperative engagement, underscoring the paramount significance of dialogue and strategic management in navigating the complexities engendered by this critical geopolitical milieu.</p> Zahoor Ahmad Dar Shahid Javid ##submission.copyrightStatement## http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 2025-01-22 2025-01-22 1 1 p1 p1 10.30560/les.v1n1p1 A Popular Participation Model to Avoid a New Governance Crisis in Venezuela and Peru: A Study of the Oil and Mining Industries https://j.ideasspread.org/index.php/les/article/view/1422 <p class="text0">Shared governance through popular participation and social oversight represents a significant challenge and opportunity in combating corruption and enhancing public policy effectiveness. This study, which involved a survey of 35 interviews with students from Peru and Venezuela (University Mayor de San Marcos, Lima y University Carabolo, Valencia) and employed Structural Equation Modeling, proposed a theoretical model titled Popular Participation and Cultural Chage to reduce Corruption -PMRC.</p> <p class="text0">Considering Venezuela's position as one of the largest oil producers in the world, the research focused on the following central question: <em>What is the impact of Venezuelans' social participation in public policies related to gasoline supply?</em></p> <p class="text0">Despite receiving financial aid from China and Russia to support both the public and private sectors, the Venezuelan government charges $1.36 per liter of gasoline—the highest price in Latin America—despite a production cost of only $0.035 per liter.</p> <p class="text0">The study's key conclusion is that the governments of Venezuela and Peru are exploiting societal ignorance by closing educational institutions and restricting access to comprehensive knowledge, limiting citizens to only basic information.</p> <p class="text0">The research model suggests that promoting knowledge-sharing within society and with other nations holds transformative potential for national cultural change, ultimately contributing to the reduction of corruption. The study emphasizes that combating corruption requires shifting from a purely legalistic approach to fostering an ethical cultural transformation, beginning with exemplary governance practices.</p> Cristiano De Angelis ##submission.copyrightStatement## http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 2025-01-29 2025-01-29 1 1 p14 p14 10.30560/les.v1n1p14 Realization of Women Right to Access to Justice the Law and Practice: In Case of Oromia Region North Shewa Zone https://j.ideasspread.org/index.php/les/article/view/1447 <p class="text">This study examines women's right to access justice in Ethiopia's North Shewa Zone, highlighting legal and practical barriers that perpetuate gender inequality. Through qualitative methods including interviews and case reviews, the research identifies cultural, structural, and economic challenges affecting women's ability to seek justice. The study also evaluates gaps in legal frameworks and judicial practices, proposing targeted solutions for improved legal awareness, gender equality, and institutional reforms.</p> Lemlem Dejenu Mulugeta ##submission.copyrightStatement## http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 2025-02-13 2025-02-13 1 1 p33 p33 10.30560/les.v1n1p33 Using Artificial Intelligence in Law Enforcement and Policing to Improve Public Health and Safety https://j.ideasspread.org/index.php/les/article/view/1448 <p>The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) policing tools and geo-profiling into contemporary law enforcement strategies has revolutionized analysis of concerning behavior, offering unprecedented precision in the identification of psychological risk factors and predictive crime analysis. AI's sophisticated pattern recognition capabilities, powered by machine learning algorithms, enable the dissection of vast datasets to uncover complex behavioral trends, latent correlations, and risk indicators often imperceptible to human cognition. This analytical depth enhances law enforcement's ability to identify links between disparate criminal activities, forecast potential threats, and shift from reactive to proactive crime prevention. Complementing AI's prowess, geo-profiling employs spatial analysis rooted in criminology, psychology, and geographic information systems (GIS) to elucidate crime patterns, identify hotspots, and predict offender anchor points. The synergy between these technologies augments investigative efficiency and mitigates cognitive biases inherent in traditional profiling through data-driven objectivity. Moreover, the implications of AI and geo-profiling extend beyond criminal justice, significantly impacting public health and safety. By enhancing crime detection and enabling early intervention, these technologies contribute to reducing violence-related injuries, mitigating psychological trauma, and fostering resilient communities. Police organizations can leverage AI-driven insights to deploy targeted interventions addressing the root causes of violence, such as socio-economic disparities and mental health challenges. This conceptual study explores the transformative potential of AI and geo-profiling in crime prevention, emphasizing their role in advancing public safety, promoting health equity, and informing data-driven policies. Ultimately, these innovations represent a paradigm shift in law enforcement and public health, fostering integrated approaches to address the multifaceted challenges of modern crime and its societal impacts.</p> Patricia Haley Darrell Norman Burrell ##submission.copyrightStatement## http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 2025-02-14 2025-02-14 1 1 p46 p46 10.30560/les.v1n1p46 How Amplify Growth Risks for World Economies in China's Planned Economy https://j.ideasspread.org/index.php/les/article/view/1449 <p>This paper examines the sustainability of China’s distinct globalization model, characterized by state-driven economic policies, strategic trade practices, and assertive global investments. Although this approach has fueled impressive economic growth over recent decades, it has also exposed structural vulnerabilities that could undermine long-term stability. The analysis employs a modified Cobb-Douglas production function, integrating critical factors such as tariff dynamics, trade spillovers, and inefficiency feedback loops. This framework bridges the theoretical foundations of the Cobb-Douglas model with insights from the Solow growth model, enabling a comprehensive evaluation of China's economic trajectory.</p> <p>The model suggests that China’s heavy dependence on state intervention and export-driven growth risks creating inefficiencies that could lead to diminishing returns over time. High tariffs imposed by trade partners, particularly the US, exacerbate these inefficiencies by increasing production costs and reducing access to global markets. Furthermore, excessive reliance on Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) investments and state-owned enterprises (SOEs) amplifies the risks of resource misallocation and geopolitical backlash.</p> <p>The paper identifies critical tipping points where inefficiency feedback loops outweigh productivity gains, potentially leading to economic stagnation or collapse. Trade spillovers, once a significant driver of innovation and growth, may dwindle as global partners diversify supply chains to reduce dependence on Chinese imports.</p> <p>To ensure sustainable growth, the paper recommends a strategic pivot toward market-oriented reforms and addressing inefficiency feedback by reforming SOEs and streamlining regulatory frameworks. Additionally, capping overreliance on state-led globalization strategies and adopting a more balanced trade approach can mitigate external vulnerabilities. These policy measures are essential for China to transition from a high-growth phase to a more stable, long-term economic trajectory.</p> Masaaki Yoshimori ##submission.copyrightStatement## http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 2025-02-14 2025-02-14 1 1 p60 p60 10.30560/les.v1n1p60