Law, Economics and Society

Navigating the Turbulent Waters: An In-Depth Study of US-China Geopolitical Rivalry

2025-01-22T20:02:25+08:00

This manuscript explores the intricate and multifaceted geopolitical frictions between the United States and the People’s Republic of China, which have crystallized as a salient characteristic of contemporary international relations. By scrutinizing the historical antecedents of this rivalry, the discourse elucidates pivotal determinants exacerbating the burgeoning tensions, encompassing trade disputes, military posturing, and a burgeoning technological rivalry. This study endeavours to untangle the intricacies of US-China relations and their ramifications for global equilibrium through a rigorous analysis of diplomatic overtures, space race, and security dilemmas. Furthermore, the paper assesses the agency of regional actors and multilateral institutions in modulating the dynamics of this rivalry. Finally, this study’s evaluation aspires to furnish insights into prospective trajectories for conflict resolution and cooperative engagement, underscoring the paramount significance of dialogue and strategic management in navigating the complexities engendered by this critical geopolitical milieu.

A Popular Participation Model to Avoid a New Governance Crisis in Venezuela and Peru: A Study of the Oil and Mining Industries

2025-02-02T13:15:56+08:00

Shared governance through popular participation and social oversight represents a significant challenge and opportunity in combating corruption and enhancing public policy effectiveness. This study, which involved a survey of 35 interviews with students from Peru and Venezuela (University Mayor de San Marcos, Lima y University Carabolo, Valencia) and employed Structural Equation Modeling, proposed a theoretical model titled Popular Participation and Cultural Chage to reduce Corruption -PMRC.

Considering Venezuela's position as one of the largest oil producers in the world, the research focused on the following central question: What is the impact of Venezuelans' social participation in public policies related to gasoline supply?

Despite receiving financial aid from China and Russia to support both the public and private sectors, the Venezuelan government charges $1.36 per liter of gasoline—the highest price in Latin America—despite a production cost of only $0.035 per liter.

The study's key conclusion is that the governments of Venezuela and Peru are exploiting societal ignorance by closing educational institutions and restricting access to comprehensive knowledge, limiting citizens to only basic information.

The research model suggests that promoting knowledge-sharing within society and with other nations holds transformative potential for national cultural change, ultimately contributing to the reduction of corruption. The study emphasizes that combating corruption requires shifting from a purely legalistic approach to fostering an ethical cultural transformation, beginning with exemplary governance practices.

Realization of Women Right to Access to Justice the Law and Practice: In Case of Oromia Region North Shewa Zone

2025-02-13T12:11:17+08:00

This study examines women's right to access justice in Ethiopia's North Shewa Zone, highlighting legal and practical barriers that perpetuate gender inequality. Through qualitative methods including interviews and case reviews, the research identifies cultural, structural, and economic challenges affecting women's ability to seek justice. The study also evaluates gaps in legal frameworks and judicial practices, proposing targeted solutions for improved legal awareness, gender equality, and institutional reforms.

Using Artificial Intelligence in Law Enforcement and Policing to Improve Public Health and Safety

2025-02-14T11:22:51+08:00

The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) policing tools and geo-profiling into contemporary law enforcement strategies has revolutionized analysis of concerning behavior, offering unprecedented precision in the identification of psychological risk factors and predictive crime analysis. AI's sophisticated pattern recognition capabilities, powered by machine learning algorithms, enable the dissection of vast datasets to uncover complex behavioral trends, latent correlations, and risk indicators often imperceptible to human cognition. This analytical depth enhances law enforcement's ability to identify links between disparate criminal activities, forecast potential threats, and shift from reactive to proactive crime prevention. Complementing AI's prowess, geo-profiling employs spatial analysis rooted in criminology, psychology, and geographic information systems (GIS) to elucidate crime patterns, identify hotspots, and predict offender anchor points. The synergy between these technologies augments investigative efficiency and mitigates cognitive biases inherent in traditional profiling through data-driven objectivity. Moreover, the implications of AI and geo-profiling extend beyond criminal justice, significantly impacting public health and safety. By enhancing crime detection and enabling early intervention, these technologies contribute to reducing violence-related injuries, mitigating psychological trauma, and fostering resilient communities. Police organizations can leverage AI-driven insights to deploy targeted interventions addressing the root causes of violence, such as socio-economic disparities and mental health challenges. This conceptual study explores the transformative potential of AI and geo-profiling in crime prevention, emphasizing their role in advancing public safety, promoting health equity, and informing data-driven policies. Ultimately, these innovations represent a paradigm shift in law enforcement and public health, fostering integrated approaches to address the multifaceted challenges of modern crime and its societal impacts.

How Amplify Growth Risks for World Economies in China's Planned Economy

2025-02-14T11:25:50+08:00

This paper examines the sustainability of China’s distinct globalization model, characterized by state-driven economic policies, strategic trade practices, and assertive global investments. Although this approach has fueled impressive economic growth over recent decades, it has also exposed structural vulnerabilities that could undermine long-term stability. The analysis employs a modified Cobb-Douglas production function, integrating critical factors such as tariff dynamics, trade spillovers, and inefficiency feedback loops. This framework bridges the theoretical foundations of the Cobb-Douglas model with insights from the Solow growth model, enabling a comprehensive evaluation of China's economic trajectory.

The model suggests that China’s heavy dependence on state intervention and export-driven growth risks creating inefficiencies that could lead to diminishing returns over time. High tariffs imposed by trade partners, particularly the US, exacerbate these inefficiencies by increasing production costs and reducing access to global markets. Furthermore, excessive reliance on Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) investments and state-owned enterprises (SOEs) amplifies the risks of resource misallocation and geopolitical backlash.

The paper identifies critical tipping points where inefficiency feedback loops outweigh productivity gains, potentially leading to economic stagnation or collapse. Trade spillovers, once a significant driver of innovation and growth, may dwindle as global partners diversify supply chains to reduce dependence on Chinese imports.

To ensure sustainable growth, the paper recommends a strategic pivot toward market-oriented reforms and addressing inefficiency feedback by reforming SOEs and streamlining regulatory frameworks. Additionally, capping overreliance on state-led globalization strategies and adopting a more balanced trade approach can mitigate external vulnerabilities. These policy measures are essential for China to transition from a high-growth phase to a more stable, long-term economic trajectory.

Healthcare – Where Law and Economics Fail Society – Needs the “Laboratory of Democracy”

2025-02-19T17:12:02+08:00

In the U. S., legal structures as well as economic systems fail to provide people in society with accessible and affordable life-saving medical care. Other government-run national healthcare systems called single payers experience similar medical inadequacies and dollar inefficiencies though not the legal issues of the U.S.

Systems theory identifies the government command economy with third-party payment structure as the root cause of healthcare over-spending, variable quality, slow service, and death-by-queue.

An effective solution for healthcare system failures derives from the root cause. To make healthcare affordable and accessibl: restore rule of law, remove third-party decision-making, and infuse free market forces. The U.S. could test this hypothesis if states became “laboratories of democracy.”

Bipolarity in Flux: International Political Economy in Contemporary Times

2025-02-22T12:50:02+08:00

This paper explores the evolving dynamics of bipolarity and International Political Economy (IPE) in the context of contemporary global relations. Historically defined by the Cold War, bipolarity has shaped the interplay of power, economics, and security, creating a framework that dictated international relations and influenced global economic structures. As the world transitions into a post-Cold War era, the disintegration of traditional bipolarity has not eliminated power dynamics but has instead given rise to new forms of polarization characterized by ideological, economic, and cultural divides. The unipolarity that followed has been scrutinized, revealing increasing divisions and conflicts rather than harmony. The theories of Fukuyama and Huntington illustrate the ongoing relevance of bipolarity, as cultural clashes and historical grievances continue to impact international relations. The relevance of IPE in this evolving landscape emphasizes the interdependence of political and economic factors, challenging traditional state-centric paradigms. Insights from scholars such as Susan Strange, Joseph Nye, and Robert Keohane highlight the necessity of integrating economic realities with political analysis, acknowledging the myriad of transnational actors and the complexities of global interactions. The emergence of a “control gap” signifies the challenges states face in maintaining authority in an interconnected world, complicating their ability to navigate the increasingly intricate landscape of international affairs. As global challenges such as terrorism, nuclear proliferation, and socioeconomic disparities persist, the remnants of bipolarity manifest in various forms. This paper calls for a renewed framework that accommodates the nuances of contemporary power relations and the dynamics of globalization, advocating for a paradigm shift towards a more inclusive understanding of global governance. Ultimately, the interplay between bipolarity and IPE remains a critical area for scholarly inquiry, offering valuable insights into the future of global order as nations navigate the complexities of a world marked by both interdependence and division.

Illegal Cybersecurity Threats Created by Organizational Arsonists in Healthcare Organizations

2025-03-03T13:42:24+08:00

Insider cybersecurity threats in healthcare, often overlooked or narrowly defined as technical vulnerabilities, can be more accurately described as acts of organizational arson, representing deliberate, malicious acts designed to ignite chaos within digital ecosystems. Like physical arsonists who destroy property through fire, insider actors exploit their privileged access to organizational systems, causing financial devastation, operational disruption, and severe damage to organizational morale and stability. Insider incidents cost organizations millions annually, with cybersecurity teams dedicating significant time and resources to crisis management rather than strategic planning. This commentary-style paper reframes insider cybersecurity threats using the metaphor of organizational arsonists, offering a unique and powerful framework for understanding these complex risks. By integrating cybersecurity, law, and organizational psychology insights, the paper presents a comprehensive approach to mitigating insider threats that extend beyond technical defenses. It emphasizes the necessity of human-centric strategies, ethical accountability, and legal compliance, calling for organizations to adopt a holistic defense posture that addresses both technological vulnerabilities and behavioral risks. The paper's originality lies in bridging multiple disciplines and framing insider threats as technical challenges and full-scale organizational crises. Combining advanced technologies such as artificial intelligence with human behavior analysis provides actionable strategies for organizations to combat their own digital arsonists. This interdisciplinary approach encourages cybersecurity professionals, legal scholars, and organizational leaders to rethink insider threat management, creating a more resilient and secure organizational environment.