Bipolarity in Flux: International Political Economy in Contemporary Times

Abstract

This paper explores the evolving dynamics of bipolarity and International Political Economy (IPE) in the context of contemporary global relations. Historically defined by the Cold War, bipolarity has shaped the interplay of power, economics, and security, creating a framework that dictated international relations and influenced global economic structures. As the world transitions into a post-Cold War era, the disintegration of traditional bipolarity has not eliminated power dynamics but has instead given rise to new forms of polarization characterized by ideological, economic, and cultural divides. The unipolarity that followed has been scrutinized, revealing increasing divisions and conflicts rather than harmony. The theories of Fukuyama and Huntington illustrate the ongoing relevance of bipolarity, as cultural clashes and historical grievances continue to impact international relations. The relevance of IPE in this evolving landscape emphasizes the interdependence of political and economic factors, challenging traditional state-centric paradigms. Insights from scholars such as Susan Strange, Joseph Nye, and Robert Keohane highlight the necessity of integrating economic realities with political analysis, acknowledging the myriad of transnational actors and the complexities of global interactions. The emergence of a “control gap” signifies the challenges states face in maintaining authority in an interconnected world, complicating their ability to navigate the increasingly intricate landscape of international affairs. As global challenges such as terrorism, nuclear proliferation, and socioeconomic disparities persist, the remnants of bipolarity manifest in various forms. This paper calls for a renewed framework that accommodates the nuances of contemporary power relations and the dynamics of globalization, advocating for a paradigm shift towards a more inclusive understanding of global governance. Ultimately, the interplay between bipolarity and IPE remains a critical area for scholarly inquiry, offering valuable insights into the future of global order as nations navigate the complexities of a world marked by both interdependence and division.