The Serbo-Croatian War, 1991-1995: Vision of Ukrainian Minority in Croatia
Keywords:
Croatia, Ruthenian-Ukrainian minority, diaspora, Mikluševci, Petrovci, Serbo-Croatian War, terror, ethnic cleansing, deportations
Abstract
This article considers the situation of the Ruthenian-Ukrainian diaspora in Croatia during the Serbo-Croatian War (1991-1995). The specifics of Rusyn and Ukrainian attitude to opposing parties are covered, an evolution of their sights concerning the War is shown. The policy of the self-proclaimed Republic of Serbian Krajina towards national minorities is characterized. The consequences of the Serbo-Croatian War on the situation of the Ukrainian diaspora in Croatia are analyzed.
References
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[31] Šakić, V. (1993). Opći okvir proučavanja srpske agresije na Hrvatsku 1991. [General framework for studying the aggression of Serbia on Croatia in 1991]. Društvena istraživanja. Zagreb, No. 2-3, March-June, pp. 217-246. [In Croatian].
[32] Šakić, V., & Raboteg-Šarić, Z., & Brajša-Žganec, A. (1993). Uzroci progonstva i obilježja hrvatskih prognanika u kontekstu izbjegličkog problema u svijetu. [Reasons for expulsion and characteristics of Croatian refugees in the context of the refugee problem in the world]. Društvena istraživanja. Zagreb, No. 2-3, March-June, pp. 383-406. [In Croatian].
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[34] Slovo predstavnykiv Soiuzu na Vsesvitnomu forumi ukraintsiv. [Speech by the representatives of the Union at the World Forum of Ukrainians]. (1992). Nova dumka. Zagreb, No. 94/95, pp. 44-46. [In Ukrainian].
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[38] Takać, G. (1992). Mykloshevska voiena khronolohyia (3). [Miklushev's military chronology (3)]. Nova dumka. Zagreb, No. 94/95, pp. 9-12. [In Ruthenian].
[39] Takać, G. (1992). Petrovtsy spadly medzy ostatnima (1). [Petrovci fell among the latter (1)]. Nova dumka. Zagreb, No. 92/93, pp. 24-27. [In Ruthenian].
[40] Takać, G. (1992). Petrovtsy spadly medzy ostatnima (2). [Petrovci fell among the latter (2)]. Nova dumka. Zagreb, No. 94/95, pp. 13-18. [In Ruthenian].
[41] Takać, G. (1992). Petrovtsy spadly medzy ostatnima (3). [Petrovci fell among the latter (3)]. Nova dumka. Zagreb, No. 96/97, pp. 10-13. [In Ruthenian].
[42] Takać, G. (1994). Stradanja Rusina i Ukrajinaca Republike Hrvatske u Domovinskom ratu. [Suffering of Rusyns and Ukrainians of the Republic of Croatia in the Patriotic War]. Nova dumka. Zagreb, No. 100, pp. 14-20. [In Croatian].
[43] Tatalović, S. (1997). Manijinski narodi i manjine. [Minority Peoples and Minorities] Zagreb, 304 pp. [In Croatian].
[44] Tatalović, S. (2006). Nacionalne manjine i hrvatska demokracija. [National minorities and Croatian democracy]. Politička misao. Zagreb, Vol. XLIII, No. 2, pp. 159-174. [In Croatian].
[45] Varga, B. (2016). Tragedija Ukrajinaca i Rusina iz Vukovara. [Tragedy of Ukrainians and Rusyns from Vukovar]. Retrieved from http://balkans.aljazeera.net/vijesti/tragedija-ukrajinaca-i-rusina-iz-vukovara [In Croatian].
[46] Vybraly khyzhy, vyhnaly domashnikh. [They seized houses and drove out residents]. (1992). Nova dumka. Zagreb, No. 94/95, p. 24. [In Ruthenian].
[47] Yeremenko, M. (1992). Khto zupynyt henotsyd na Balkanakh? [Who will stop the genocide in the Balkans?]. Nova dumka. Zagreb, No. 94/95, p. 25. [In Ukrainian].
[48] Zakon o konvalidaciji. [Law on convalidation]. (1997). Nova dumka. Zagreb, No. 101/102, p. 88). [In Ruthenian].
[49] Zastanovtse genotsyd (apel Soiuzu Rusynokh i Ukraintsokh Yuhoslavyi). [Stop the genocide (appeal of the Union of Rusyns and Ukrainians of Yugoslavia)]. (1992). Nova dumka. Zagreb, No. 94/95, p. 26. [In Ruthenian].
[50] Zločin u Mikluševcima. [Crime in Mikluševci. Documents. Center for Combating the Past]. Retrieved from https://www.documenta.hr/hr/zločin-u-mikluševcima.html [In Croatian].
[2] Baletić, M. (Ed.). (1993). Hrvatska 1994 [Croatia 1994]. Zagreb, 368 pp. [In Croatian].
[3] Belei, L. (1991). Yuhoslavianskykh rusnatsokh i ukrainsky beshedy Karpatskoho raiona [Yugoslavian Rusyns and Ukrainian conversations in the Carpathian region]. Nova dumka. Zagreb, No. 86, pp. 34-35. [In Ruthenian].
[4] Biki, Đ. (2001). Rusini Mikluševaca u Domovinskom ratu 1991. [Rusyns of Mikluševci in the Patriotic War of 1991]. Mikluševci, 186 pp. [In Croatian].
[5] Burda, S. (1998). Iz rada Kriznog staba Saveza 1991-1993. g. (1). [From the work of the Crisis Staff of the Union 1991-1993 (1)]. Nova dumka. Zagreb, No. 105, pp. 38-41. [In Croatian].
[6] Burda, S. (1998). Iz rada Kriznog staba Saveza 1991-1993. g. (2). [From the work of the Crisis Staff of the Union 1991-1993 (2)]. Nova dumka. Zagreb, No. 106, pp. 43-45. [In Croatian].
[7] Burda, S. (Ed.). (1995). Rusini i Ukrajinci u Republici Hrvatskoj (1991-1995). [Rusyns and Ukrainians of Republic Croatia (1991-1995)]. Zagreb, 100 pp. [In Croatian].
[8] Bychanych, Y. (1998). Ozhyly mykloshevsky ulichky. [Streets of Miklushevci came to life]. Nova dumka. Zagreb, No. 105, p. 21. [In Ruthenian].
[9] Dopovid na XVI zustrichi natsionalnostei susidnikh krain. [Report at the XVI meeting of nationalities of neighboring countries]. (1991). Nova dumka. Zagreb, No. 90/91, pp. 28-29. [In Ukrainian].
[10] Etnotsyd ta prymusove vyhnannia. [Ethnocide and forced exile]. (1992). Nova dumka. Zagreb, No. 94/95, p. 24. [In Ukrainian].
[11] Furminc, J. (1990). Na zajedničkom poslu suživota svih. [At the co-working of coexistence]. Nova dumka. Vukovar, No. 88, p. 2. [In Croatian].
[12] Jolić, S. (1993). „Mushym naists synov hrob”. [I have to find my sons grave”]. Nova dumka. Zagreb, No. 98/99, p. 13). [In Ruthenian].
[13] Jurčević, J. (1996). Srbijanska oružana agresija na Hrvatsku 1990.–1995. godine [Serbian armed aggression against Croatia in 1990-1995]. Jugoistočna Europa 1918–1995.: zbornik radova. Zagreb, pp. 214-229. [In Croatian].
[14] Jurista, M. (1991). S nama u gardi ima i onih vaših [We have yours on guard]. Nova dumka. Zagreb, No. 90/91, p. 10). [In Croatian].
[15] Katunin, D. (2010). Sovremennoye yazykovoye zakonodatelstvo Khorvatii: stanovleniye i tendentsii. [Modern language legislation of Croatia: formation and trends]. Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Filologiya. Tomsk, No. 2 (10), pp. 19-35). [In Russian].
[16] Kiš, M. (1997). Mandat UNTAES-u i reyntehratsyia. [UNTAES Mandate and Reintegration]. Nova dumka. Zagreb, No. 101/102, pp. 7–8). [In Ruthenian].
[ 17] Kiš, M. (1995). Republika Hrvatska i hrvatski Rusini i Ukrajinci i danas se bore protiv fašizma. [The Republic of Croatia and Croatian Rusyns and Ukrainians are still fighting fascism]. Rusini i Ukrajinci u Republici Hrvatskoj (1991-1995). Zagreb, pp. 15-19. [In Croatian].
[18] Kiš, M. (1992). Vyhnaty rusyny i ukraintsy. [Exiled Rusyns and Ukrainians]. Nova dumka. Zagreb, No. 94/95, p. 19). [In Ruthenian].
[19] Kostelnik, V., & Takać, G. (2008). 40 roky Soiuzu Rusynokh i Ukraintsokh Republyky Horvatskei. [40 years of the Union of Ruthenians and Ukrainians of the Republic of Croatia]. Vukovar, 296 pp. [In Ruthenian].
[20] Lypovliantsi na pershii linii frontu [Lipovlyanians on the front line] (1992). Nova dumka. Zagreb, No. 92/93, pp. 18-19). [In Ukrainian].
[21] Malynovska, O. (2002). Ukrainska diaspora v pivdennoslovianskykh zemliakh [Ukrainian diaspora in the South Slavic lands]. Ukraintsi Khorvatii: materialy i dokumenty. Zagreb, pp. 6-20. [In Ukrainian].
[22] Marijan, D. (2001). Jugoslavenska narodna armija u agresiji na Republiku Hrvatsku 1990-1992. godine. [Yugoslav People's Army in the aggression against the Republic of Croatia 1990-1992]. Časopis za suvremenu povijest. Zagreb, 33(2), 289-321. [In Croatian].
[23] Nahirnyi, M. (2008). Stanovlennia ta rozvytok Respubliky Khorvatiia: derzhavno-politychnyi aspekt. [Formation and Development of the Republic of Croatia: state and political aspect]. Novovolynsk, 328 pp. [In Ukrainian].
[24] Pankovych, M. (1992). Shvedochenie vukovarskoho branytelia. [Testimony of the Vukovar defender]. Nova dumka. Zagreb, No. 96/97, p. 14). [In Ruthenian].
[25] Plan i program rada Saveza Rusina i Ukrajinaca Republike Hrvatske za 1995. godinu. [Plan and work program of the Union of Rusyns and Ukrainians of the Republic of Croatia for 1995]. Current archive of the Union of Ruthenians and Ukrainians in Zagreb. [In Croatian].
[26] Polozhenie natsyonalnykh menshynokh u Horvatskei. [Position of national minorities in Croatia]. (1992). Nova dumka. Zagreb, No. 92/93, p. 4. [In Ruthenian].
[27] Pysmo prof. Buily amerytskomu senatorovy Paulu Symonu. [Professor Buila's letter to US Senator Paul Simon]. (1992). Nova dumka. Zagreb, No. 94/95, pp. 29-30. [In Ruthenian].
[28] Report submitted by Croatia pursuant to article 25, paragraph 1 of the framework convention for the protection of national minorities (1999). Zagreb. Retrieved from https://www.refworld.org/type,STATEPARTIESREP,COESFCPNM,,4ee097a32,0.html
[29] Rihtar, S. (1993). Posljedice rata u području odabranih socijalnih stavova. [Consequences of the war in the field of selected social attitudes]. Društvena istraživanja. Zagreb, No. 2-3, March–June, pp. 521-534. [In Croatian].
[30] Rumyantsev, O. (2008). Halychyna – Bosniia – Voievodyna. Ukrainski pereselentsi z Halychyny na terytorii yuhoslavskykh narodiv v 1890-1990 rokakh. [Galicia – Bosnia – Vojvodina. Ukrainian immigrants from Galychyna on the territory of the Yugoslavian people in 1890-1990]. Kyiv, 256 pp. [In Ukrainian].
[31] Šakić, V. (1993). Opći okvir proučavanja srpske agresije na Hrvatsku 1991. [General framework for studying the aggression of Serbia on Croatia in 1991]. Društvena istraživanja. Zagreb, No. 2-3, March-June, pp. 217-246. [In Croatian].
[32] Šakić, V., & Raboteg-Šarić, Z., & Brajša-Žganec, A. (1993). Uzroci progonstva i obilježja hrvatskih prognanika u kontekstu izbjegličkog problema u svijetu. [Reasons for expulsion and characteristics of Croatian refugees in the context of the refugee problem in the world]. Društvena istraživanja. Zagreb, No. 2-3, March-June, pp. 383-406. [In Croatian].
[33] Simunovič, J. (1995). Rusini i Ukrajinci u Republici Hrvatskoj – doseljenje i stanje prije 1991. g. [Rusyns and Ukrainians in the Republic of Croatia – immigration and the situation before 1991]. Rusyns and Ukrainians in the Republic of Croatia (1991-1995). Zagreb, pp. 25-29. [In Croatian].
[34] Slovo predstavnykiv Soiuzu na Vsesvitnomu forumi ukraintsiv. [Speech by the representatives of the Union at the World Forum of Ukrainians]. (1992). Nova dumka. Zagreb, No. 94/95, pp. 44-46. [In Ukrainian].
[35] Statistički ljetopis 1992. [Statistical Yearbook 1992]. (1993). Zagreb. [In Croatian].
[36] Szekely, A. B. (1996). Hungarian Minority in Croatia and Slovenia. Nationalities Papers. Cambridge, Vol. 24, Nr. 3, pp. 483-489.
[37] Takać, G. (1992). Mykloshevska voiena khronolohyia (2). [Miklushev's military chronology (2)]. Nova dumka. Zagreb, No. 92/93, pp. 20-23. [In Ruthenian].
[38] Takać, G. (1992). Mykloshevska voiena khronolohyia (3). [Miklushev's military chronology (3)]. Nova dumka. Zagreb, No. 94/95, pp. 9-12. [In Ruthenian].
[39] Takać, G. (1992). Petrovtsy spadly medzy ostatnima (1). [Petrovci fell among the latter (1)]. Nova dumka. Zagreb, No. 92/93, pp. 24-27. [In Ruthenian].
[40] Takać, G. (1992). Petrovtsy spadly medzy ostatnima (2). [Petrovci fell among the latter (2)]. Nova dumka. Zagreb, No. 94/95, pp. 13-18. [In Ruthenian].
[41] Takać, G. (1992). Petrovtsy spadly medzy ostatnima (3). [Petrovci fell among the latter (3)]. Nova dumka. Zagreb, No. 96/97, pp. 10-13. [In Ruthenian].
[42] Takać, G. (1994). Stradanja Rusina i Ukrajinaca Republike Hrvatske u Domovinskom ratu. [Suffering of Rusyns and Ukrainians of the Republic of Croatia in the Patriotic War]. Nova dumka. Zagreb, No. 100, pp. 14-20. [In Croatian].
[43] Tatalović, S. (1997). Manijinski narodi i manjine. [Minority Peoples and Minorities] Zagreb, 304 pp. [In Croatian].
[44] Tatalović, S. (2006). Nacionalne manjine i hrvatska demokracija. [National minorities and Croatian democracy]. Politička misao. Zagreb, Vol. XLIII, No. 2, pp. 159-174. [In Croatian].
[45] Varga, B. (2016). Tragedija Ukrajinaca i Rusina iz Vukovara. [Tragedy of Ukrainians and Rusyns from Vukovar]. Retrieved from http://balkans.aljazeera.net/vijesti/tragedija-ukrajinaca-i-rusina-iz-vukovara [In Croatian].
[46] Vybraly khyzhy, vyhnaly domashnikh. [They seized houses and drove out residents]. (1992). Nova dumka. Zagreb, No. 94/95, p. 24. [In Ruthenian].
[47] Yeremenko, M. (1992). Khto zupynyt henotsyd na Balkanakh? [Who will stop the genocide in the Balkans?]. Nova dumka. Zagreb, No. 94/95, p. 25. [In Ukrainian].
[48] Zakon o konvalidaciji. [Law on convalidation]. (1997). Nova dumka. Zagreb, No. 101/102, p. 88). [In Ruthenian].
[49] Zastanovtse genotsyd (apel Soiuzu Rusynokh i Ukraintsokh Yuhoslavyi). [Stop the genocide (appeal of the Union of Rusyns and Ukrainians of Yugoslavia)]. (1992). Nova dumka. Zagreb, No. 94/95, p. 26. [In Ruthenian].
[50] Zločin u Mikluševcima. [Crime in Mikluševci. Documents. Center for Combating the Past]. Retrieved from https://www.documenta.hr/hr/zločin-u-mikluševcima.html [In Croatian].
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