Quantitative Assessment of Hab Watershed Using Geoinformatics
Keywords:
morphometric analysis, geospatial technologies, quantitative analysis, drainage density
Abstract
Morphometric assessment of the watersheds is considered highly critical to appraise its hydrological characteristics, such as, general geology, structure, geomorphology and climate conditions. In this study, morphometric analysis of Hab Watershed has been carried out through Geospatial Technology (RS & GIS) in a systematic manner to examine its Geo-hydrological characteristics. The drainage network of Hab is typically dendritic and semi-dendritic indicating its heterogeneous lithology. Recent study reveals increase in stream order, substantially decreases the stream total length. drainage density of the Hab Watershed indicates the characteristics of its typical soil. Drainage texture value for Hab watershed is 0.18. Low drainage density value reveals that the region has a permeable and porous subsurface material with low relief. The shape of the basin has been observed as quite elongated. The findings of this study reveal that GIS based morphometric analysis is highly effective tool for geo-hydrological study of watersheds.
References
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El Bastawesy, Garbs., M., & White. K. H. (2013). Hydrology and geomorphology of the Upper White Nile Lakes and their relevance for water resources management in the Nile basin. Hydrological Processes, 27(1), 196-205. https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.9216
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Grohmann, C. H., Riccomini, C., & Alves, F. M. (2007). SRTM-based morphotectonic analysis of the Pocos de Caldas alkaline Massif, southeastern Brazil. Computers and Geosciences, 33, 10–19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cageo.2006.05.002
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Horton, R. E. (1945). Erosional development of streams and their drainage basins: Quantitative Morphology). Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, 56, 275-361. https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1945)56[275:EDOSAT]2.0.CO;2
Horton, R. E. (1932). Drainage basin characteristics, Transactions. American Geophysical Union, 13, 350–361. https://doi.org/10.1029/TR013i001p00350
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Javed, A., Khanday, M. Y., & Ahmed, R. (2009). Prioritization of sub-watershed based on morphometric and land use analysis using remote sensing and GIS techniques. Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing, 37, 261–274. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12524-009-0016-8
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Jha, M. K., Chowdhury. A., Chowdhry. V. M., & Peiffer, S. (2007). Groundwater management and development by integrated RS and GIS: prospects and constraints. Water Resources Management, 21(2), 427-467. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11269-006-9024-4
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Lefort, R. (1996). Down to the last drop. UNESCO Sources, 84(7).
Magesh, N. S., Jitheshlal, K. V., & Chandrasekar, N. (2013). Geographical information system-based morphometric analysis of Bharathapuzha river basin, Kerala, India. Applied Water Sciences, 3, 467–477. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13201-013-0095-0
Mark, D. M. (1984). Automatic detection of drainage networks from digital elevation models. Cartographica, 21, 168–178. https://doi.org/10.3138/10LM-4435-6310-251R
Martz, L., & Wand G. J. (1992). Numerical definition of drainage network and sub catchment areas from digital elevation models. Computers and Geosciences, 18(6), 747-761. https://doi.org/10.1016/0098-3004(92)90007-E
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Mubark, S. A., Aldarraji, S. A., Rushed, I., & Alfadhili, F. (2013). Simplify Equation to Calculate Elongation River Basin Proposed by Schumm (1956). AL-USTATH 2.
Nautiyal, M. D. (1994). Morphometric analysis of drainage basin using aerial photographs: a case study of Khairkuli basin, District Dehradun, U.P. Journal of Indian Society of Remote Sensing, 22(4), 251-261. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03026526
Nian, Y. Y., Zhou, J., Li, X., & Hu X. (2014). The impact of land use change on water resource allocation in the middle reaches of the Heihe River Basin in northwestern China. Journal of Arid Land, 6, 273–286. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40333-013-0209-4
Panhalkar, S. S. (2014). Hydrological modeling using SWAT model and Geoinformatic techniques. Egyptian Journal of Remote Sensing and Space Science, 17, 197-207. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrs.2014.03.001
Pramanik, M. K. (2016). Morphometric Characteristics and Water Resource Management of Tista River Basin Using Remote Sensing and GIS Techniques. Journal of Hydrogeologyand Hydrologic Engineering, 5(1). https://doi.org/10.4172/2325-9647.1000131
Rawat, J. S., Biswas, V., & Kumar, M. (2013). Changes in land use/cover using geospatial techniques: A case study of Ramnagar town area, District Nainital, Uttarakhand, India. Egyptian Journal of Remote Sensing and Space Science, 16, 111–117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrs.2013.04.002
Richards, K. S. (1981). General problems in morphology. In A Gordie (Eds.), Geomorphological Techniques (pp. 26-30).
Sadaf, R. (2014). Watershed modeling of Hab River valley, Baluchistan Pakistan through RS and GIS Techniques. Unpublished Ph.D. Dissertation, Department of Geography, University of Karachi.
Sadaf, R., Kazmi, S. J. H., Younes, I., & Khaleeq, S. (2017). Delineation and Assessment of Hab watershed, Balochistan, Pakistan through Geo-spatial Technology. International Journal of Economic and Environment Geology, 8, 28-34.
Sangita, M. S., & Nagarajan, R. (2010). Morphometric analysis and prioritization of sub watersheds using GIS and Remote Sensing techniques: a case study of Odisha, India. International journal of Geomatics and geosciences, 1(3).
Schumm, S. A. (1956). Evolution of Drainage Systems and Slopes in Bad Lands at Perth, Amboy, New Jersey. Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, 67, 597-646. https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1956)67[597:EODSAS]2.0.CO;2
Schumm, S. A. (1963). Sinuosity of alluvial rivers in the great plains. Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, 74, 1089-1100. https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1963)74[1089:SOAROT]2.0.CO;2
Shakil, A. (2012). Geoinformatics for assessing the morphometric control on hydrological response at watershed scale in the Upper Indus Basin. Journal Earth System Sciences, 121(6), 659–686. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12040-012-0192-8
Singh, P., Thakur, J. K., Kumar, S., & Singh, U. C. (2012). Assessment of land use/land cover using Geospatial Techniques in a semi-arid region f Madhya Pradesh, India. In Thakur, S., & Prasad, G. (Eds.), Geospatial Techniques for Managing Environmental Resources. Springer and Capital Publication, Heidelberg, Germany. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-1858-6_10
Singh, P., Thakur, J., & Singh, U. C. (2013). Morphometric analysis of Morar River Basin, Madhya Pradesh, India, using remote sensing and GIS techniques. Environment Earth Sciences, 68, 1967-1977. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-012-1884-8
Smith, K. G. (1950). Standards for grading texture of erosional topography. American Journal of Science, 248, 655-668. https://doi.org/10.2475/ajs.248.9.655
Strahler, A. N. (1964). Quantitative Geomorphology of Drainage Basin and Channel Networks. Handbook of Hydrology (edited by Ven Te Chow) Mc Graw Hill, Section, pp. 4-11.
Strahler, A. N. (1957). Quantitative analysis of watershed geomorphology. Transactions. American Geophysical Union, 38, 913-920. https://doi.org/10.1029/TR038i006p00913
Sylla, L., Xiong, D., Zhang, H. Y., & Bangoura, S. T. (2012). A GIS technology and method to assess environmental problems from land use/cover changes: Conakry, Coyah, and Dubreka region case study. Egyptian Journal of Remote Sensing and Space Science, 15, 31-38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrs.2011.12.002
Tarboton, D. G. (1997). A new method for the determination of flow directions and contributing areas in grid digital elevation models. Water Resources Research, 33, 309-319. https://doi.org/10.1029/96WR03137
Tribe, A. (1991). Automated recognition of valley heads from digital elevation models. Earth surface processes and Landforms, 16(1), 33-49. https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.3290160105
Vandana, M. (2013). Morphometric analysis and watershed prioritization. A case study of Kabini River Basin, Wayanad District, Kerala, India. Indian Journal of Geo Marine Sciences, 42(2), 211- 222.
Wagner, P. D., Kumar, S., & Schneider, K. (2013). An assessment of land use change impacts on the water resources of the Mula and Mutha Rivers catchment upstream of Pune, India. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 17, 2233-2246. https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-2233-2013
WAPDA. (1984). Groundwater of Porali River Basin Baluchistan, Hydrogeology Project Quetta.
Balakrishna, H. B. (2008). Spatial decision support system for watershed management using Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System, Ph.D. Thesis, UVCE, Department of Civil Engineering, Bangalore University.
Clarke, J. J. (1996). Morphometry from map, Essays in geomorphology, pp. 235-274. Elsevier Publishing Company, New York.
El Bastawesy, Garbs., M., & White. K. H. (2013). Hydrology and geomorphology of the Upper White Nile Lakes and their relevance for water resources management in the Nile basin. Hydrological Processes, 27(1), 196-205. https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.9216
Farr, T. G., & Kobrick. M. (2000). Shuttle radar topography mission produces a wealth of data. Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, 81, 583-585. https://doi.org/10.1029/EO081i048p00583
Gregory, K. J., & Walling, D. E. (1968). The variation of drainage density within a catchment. International Association of Scientific Hydrology Bulletin, 13(2), 61-68. https://doi.org/10.1080/02626666809493583
Grohmann, C. H., Riccomini, C., & Alves, F. M. (2007). SRTM-based morphotectonic analysis of the Pocos de Caldas alkaline Massif, southeastern Brazil. Computers and Geosciences, 33, 10–19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cageo.2006.05.002
Hinrichsen, D. (1998). Coastal waters of the world: Trends, threats and strategies, Washington, DC: Island Press.
Horton, R. E. (1945). Erosional development of streams and their drainage basins: Quantitative Morphology). Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, 56, 275-361. https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1945)56[275:EDOSAT]2.0.CO;2
Horton, R. E. (1932). Drainage basin characteristics, Transactions. American Geophysical Union, 13, 350–361. https://doi.org/10.1029/TR013i001p00350
Islam, S. (2012). Pakistan in Red Zone as water resources decline. Published in The Express Tribune.
Javed, A., Khanday, M. Y., & Ahmed, R. (2009). Prioritization of sub-watershed based on morphometric and land use analysis using remote sensing and GIS techniques. Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing, 37, 261–274. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12524-009-0016-8
Jenson, S. K., & Domingue, J. Q. (1988). Extracting topographic structures from digital elevation data for geographic information system analysis. Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote sensing, 54(11), 1593-1600.
Jha, M. K., Chowdhury. A., Chowdhry. V. M., & Peiffer, S. (2007). Groundwater management and development by integrated RS and GIS: prospects and constraints. Water Resources Management, 21(2), 427-467. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11269-006-9024-4
JPL. (2017). Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) Technical Fact Sheet JPL 400-713, Rev. 1, 7/98 (Jan 2017). Retrieved from http://www2.jpl.nasa.gov/srtm/factsheets.html (accessed January 24, 2017).
Kirkby, M. J., & Chorley, R. J. (1967). Through flow, overland flow and erosion. International Association of Scientific Hydrology Bulletin, 12(3), 5-21. https://doi.org/10.1080/02626666709493533
Korkalainen, T. H. J., Lauren, A. M., & Kokkonen, T. S. (2007). A GIS-based analysis of catchment properties within a drumlin field. Boreal Environment. Research, 1(2), 489–500.
Lefort, R. (1996). Down to the last drop. UNESCO Sources, 84(7).
Magesh, N. S., Jitheshlal, K. V., & Chandrasekar, N. (2013). Geographical information system-based morphometric analysis of Bharathapuzha river basin, Kerala, India. Applied Water Sciences, 3, 467–477. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13201-013-0095-0
Mark, D. M. (1984). Automatic detection of drainage networks from digital elevation models. Cartographica, 21, 168–178. https://doi.org/10.3138/10LM-4435-6310-251R
Martz, L., & Wand G. J. (1992). Numerical definition of drainage network and sub catchment areas from digital elevation models. Computers and Geosciences, 18(6), 747-761. https://doi.org/10.1016/0098-3004(92)90007-E
Moore, I. D., Grayson, R. B., & Ladson, A. R. (1991). Digital terrain modeling: A review of hydrological, geomorphological, and biological applications. Hydrological Processes, 5(1), 3-30. https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.3360050103
Mubark, S. A., Aldarraji, S. A., Rushed, I., & Alfadhili, F. (2013). Simplify Equation to Calculate Elongation River Basin Proposed by Schumm (1956). AL-USTATH 2.
Nautiyal, M. D. (1994). Morphometric analysis of drainage basin using aerial photographs: a case study of Khairkuli basin, District Dehradun, U.P. Journal of Indian Society of Remote Sensing, 22(4), 251-261. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03026526
Nian, Y. Y., Zhou, J., Li, X., & Hu X. (2014). The impact of land use change on water resource allocation in the middle reaches of the Heihe River Basin in northwestern China. Journal of Arid Land, 6, 273–286. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40333-013-0209-4
Panhalkar, S. S. (2014). Hydrological modeling using SWAT model and Geoinformatic techniques. Egyptian Journal of Remote Sensing and Space Science, 17, 197-207. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrs.2014.03.001
Pramanik, M. K. (2016). Morphometric Characteristics and Water Resource Management of Tista River Basin Using Remote Sensing and GIS Techniques. Journal of Hydrogeologyand Hydrologic Engineering, 5(1). https://doi.org/10.4172/2325-9647.1000131
Rawat, J. S., Biswas, V., & Kumar, M. (2013). Changes in land use/cover using geospatial techniques: A case study of Ramnagar town area, District Nainital, Uttarakhand, India. Egyptian Journal of Remote Sensing and Space Science, 16, 111–117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrs.2013.04.002
Richards, K. S. (1981). General problems in morphology. In A Gordie (Eds.), Geomorphological Techniques (pp. 26-30).
Sadaf, R. (2014). Watershed modeling of Hab River valley, Baluchistan Pakistan through RS and GIS Techniques. Unpublished Ph.D. Dissertation, Department of Geography, University of Karachi.
Sadaf, R., Kazmi, S. J. H., Younes, I., & Khaleeq, S. (2017). Delineation and Assessment of Hab watershed, Balochistan, Pakistan through Geo-spatial Technology. International Journal of Economic and Environment Geology, 8, 28-34.
Sangita, M. S., & Nagarajan, R. (2010). Morphometric analysis and prioritization of sub watersheds using GIS and Remote Sensing techniques: a case study of Odisha, India. International journal of Geomatics and geosciences, 1(3).
Schumm, S. A. (1956). Evolution of Drainage Systems and Slopes in Bad Lands at Perth, Amboy, New Jersey. Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, 67, 597-646. https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1956)67[597:EODSAS]2.0.CO;2
Schumm, S. A. (1963). Sinuosity of alluvial rivers in the great plains. Bulletin of the Geological Society of America, 74, 1089-1100. https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1963)74[1089:SOAROT]2.0.CO;2
Shakil, A. (2012). Geoinformatics for assessing the morphometric control on hydrological response at watershed scale in the Upper Indus Basin. Journal Earth System Sciences, 121(6), 659–686. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12040-012-0192-8
Singh, P., Thakur, J. K., Kumar, S., & Singh, U. C. (2012). Assessment of land use/land cover using Geospatial Techniques in a semi-arid region f Madhya Pradesh, India. In Thakur, S., & Prasad, G. (Eds.), Geospatial Techniques for Managing Environmental Resources. Springer and Capital Publication, Heidelberg, Germany. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-1858-6_10
Singh, P., Thakur, J., & Singh, U. C. (2013). Morphometric analysis of Morar River Basin, Madhya Pradesh, India, using remote sensing and GIS techniques. Environment Earth Sciences, 68, 1967-1977. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-012-1884-8
Smith, K. G. (1950). Standards for grading texture of erosional topography. American Journal of Science, 248, 655-668. https://doi.org/10.2475/ajs.248.9.655
Strahler, A. N. (1964). Quantitative Geomorphology of Drainage Basin and Channel Networks. Handbook of Hydrology (edited by Ven Te Chow) Mc Graw Hill, Section, pp. 4-11.
Strahler, A. N. (1957). Quantitative analysis of watershed geomorphology. Transactions. American Geophysical Union, 38, 913-920. https://doi.org/10.1029/TR038i006p00913
Sylla, L., Xiong, D., Zhang, H. Y., & Bangoura, S. T. (2012). A GIS technology and method to assess environmental problems from land use/cover changes: Conakry, Coyah, and Dubreka region case study. Egyptian Journal of Remote Sensing and Space Science, 15, 31-38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrs.2011.12.002
Tarboton, D. G. (1997). A new method for the determination of flow directions and contributing areas in grid digital elevation models. Water Resources Research, 33, 309-319. https://doi.org/10.1029/96WR03137
Tribe, A. (1991). Automated recognition of valley heads from digital elevation models. Earth surface processes and Landforms, 16(1), 33-49. https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.3290160105
Vandana, M. (2013). Morphometric analysis and watershed prioritization. A case study of Kabini River Basin, Wayanad District, Kerala, India. Indian Journal of Geo Marine Sciences, 42(2), 211- 222.
Wagner, P. D., Kumar, S., & Schneider, K. (2013). An assessment of land use change impacts on the water resources of the Mula and Mutha Rivers catchment upstream of Pune, India. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 17, 2233-2246. https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-2233-2013
WAPDA. (1984). Groundwater of Porali River Basin Baluchistan, Hydrogeology Project Quetta.
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